Olive G, Dreux C
Arch Fr Pediatr. 1977 Jan;34(1):74-89.
The pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines have been studied because these drugs are often given to pregnant mothers and occasionally to neonates. The rate of absorbition is faster in the neonate than in the mother by all routes of administration but the drugs accumulate, the degree being related to gestational age, the more premature the greater the accumulation. There is preferential storage in some organs including the heart. Diazepam and chlordiazepoxide are metabolised to active compounds but oxazepam, nitrazepam and flurazepam are inactivated. Individual susceptibilities are important. These drugs readily pass across the placenta but the teratogenic risk is uncertain. They are also excreted in the breast milk in quantities which justify their withdrawal during breast feeding. On the basis of the findings therapeutic protocol is proposed.
已经对苯二氮䓬类药物的药代动力学进行了研究，因为这些药物经常被给予孕妇，偶尔也会给新生儿使用。所有给药途径下，新生儿的吸收速率都比母亲快，但药物会蓄积，蓄积程度与胎龄有关，胎龄越小，蓄积越严重。在包括心脏在内的一些器官中存在优先储存现象。地西泮和氯氮䓬会代谢为活性化合物，但奥沙西泮、硝西泮和氟西泮会失活。个体易感性很重要。这些药物很容易穿过胎盘，但致畸风险尚不确定。它们也会以一定量排泄到母乳中，这证明在母乳喂养期间应停药。基于这些研究结果，提出了治疗方案。
