Cowman S
Dublin City University, Republic of Ireland.
J Adv Nurs. 1993 May;18(5):788-92. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050788.x.
The nursing profession has adopted many of its theoretical foundations, including research approaches, from other academic disciplines. This has resulted in the acceptance of one epistemological perspective to the exclusion of others. In this context, the evolution of nursing research reflects a rather conservative approach. The quantitative approach was the dominant paradigm of the 1950s, 1960s and during the 1970s and 1980s the research approach has been increasingly located in the qualitative paradigm. It is noted that each research perspective has several inherent differences which give rise to a specific type of research endeavour. Within the literature there is general support for the separateness of the quantitative qualitative paradigm. However in accepting the inherent differences between the two methods, nurse researchers have been concerned that neither method in isolation from the other will truly provide an understanding of human beings and of their health-related needs, problems or nursing care. Triangulation as a research strategy represents a means of integrating the two research approaches. Triangulation, first used in 1959, is defined as a combination of multi methods in a study of the same object or event to depict more accurately the phenomenon being investigated. The literature exploring the merits of triangulation is incomplete. However, it is reported that triangulation, by reconciling the paradigmatic assumptions inherent to quantitative and qualitative methods, provides rich and productive data. Triangulation does offer an alternative to the bi-polar quantitative and qualitative approaches and a means of reconciling the two methodological encampments.
护理专业从其他学科中借鉴了许多理论基础，包括研究方法。这导致了一种认识论观点被接受，而排除了其他观点。在这种背景下，护理研究的发展反映出一种相当保守的方法。定量方法是20世纪50年代、60年代的主导范式，在20世纪70年代和80年代，研究方法越来越多地转向定性范式。需要注意的是，每种研究视角都有一些内在差异，这些差异导致了特定类型的研究努力。在文献中，普遍支持定量和定性范式的分离。然而，在接受这两种方法的内在差异时，护理研究人员担心，任何一种方法单独使用都无法真正理解人类及其与健康相关的需求、问题或护理。三角验证作为一种研究策略，代表了整合这两种研究方法的一种手段。三角验证最早于1959年被使用，被定义为在对同一对象或事件的研究中结合多种方法，以更准确地描述所研究的现象。探讨三角验证优点的文献并不完整。然而，据报道，三角验证通过调和定量和定性方法固有的范式假设，提供了丰富而有成效的数据。三角验证确实为两极化的定量和定性方法提供了一种替代方案，以及调和这两种方法论阵营的一种手段。
