Villa A, Campani R, Genovese E, Moro G, Caprotti P, Raisaro A, van Steenwinkel C, Sammarchi L
Istituto di Radiologia dell'Università, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia.
Radiol Med. 1993 Apr;85(4):337-51.
Several Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging techniques for the study of the main thoracic and abdominal vessels are analyzed. Such techniques based on the static representation of vessels, as MR angiography (MRA), are considered, together with dynamic techniques--i.e., cine MR--and those based on ultra-fast sequences with bolus contrast medium administration; the latter are considered also according to their use in the study of the early parenchymogram. Namely, the investigated techniques are: 3D/2D inflow imaging with and without presaturation, 3D inflow imaging with paramagnetic contrast medium administration, 2D/3D phase/dephase subtraction imaging, cine MR with heart gating, the sequential dynamic single-slice technique with bolus contrast medium, and the apnea multi-slice imaging. The main parameters are indicated for each technique and type of sequence. From our experience, rather precise indications emerge as to the use of the various techniques according to the investigated region and to the suspected disease. The best techniques for demonstrating sacciform aneurysms proved to be the 3D inflow ones, as well as the cine MR and the turbo-flash sequences with contrast medium; as for dissecting aneurysms, cine MR proved best. In portal flow conditions and in major veins thromboses, 2D inflow and phase/dephase subtraction sequences are suggested. In the study of renal stenoses, limitations and advantages of 2D versus 3D sequences are compared. Moreover, indications, limitations and specificity are analyzed of the early parenchymogram based on ultra-fast sequences with paramagnetic contrast medium. In the authors' experience, the different MR vascular imaging techniques must be considered only an integration to more specific investigations, but it is likely that, as it happened with MRA of the head and neck, the increase in resolution and the reduction in artifacts will--soon--turn this kind of imaging into the examination of choice in vascular studies.
分析了几种用于研究胸腹部主要血管的磁共振（MR）成像技术。考虑了基于血管静态表现的技术，如磁共振血管造影（MRA），以及动态技术，即电影磁共振成像（cine MR），还有基于团注造影剂的超快序列技术；还根据它们在早期实质期成像研究中的应用对后者进行了考量。具体而言，所研究的技术包括：有或无预饱和的三维/二维流入成像、注射顺磁性造影剂后的三维流入成像、二维/三维相位/去相位减影成像、心脏门控电影磁共振成像、团注造影剂的序贯动态单层面技术以及屏气多层面成像。指出了每种技术和序列类型的主要参数。根据我们的经验，对于不同技术在不同研究区域和可疑疾病中的应用，出现了较为精确的指征。结果表明，用于显示囊状动脉瘤的最佳技术是三维流入成像技术、电影磁共振成像以及注射造影剂后的快速小角度激发序列；对于夹层动脉瘤，电影磁共振成像被证明是最佳的。对于门静脉血流情况和主要静脉血栓形成，建议采用二维流入成像和相位/去相位减影序列。在肾动脉狭窄的研究中，比较了二维和三维序列的局限性和优势。此外，还分析了基于注射顺磁性造影剂的超快序列的早期实质期成像的指征、局限性和特异性。根据作者的经验，不同的磁共振血管成像技术只能被视为对更具特异性检查的一种补充，但很可能，就像头颈部磁共振血管造影那样，分辨率的提高和伪影的减少将很快使这种成像成为血管研究中的首选检查方法。
