Oberlander M A, Lynn M D, Demos H A
Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, Springfield, MA 01104.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993 Jul(292):239-44.
Calcaneus deformity in patients with neurologic disorders leads to gait disturbances, a high incidence of osteomyelitis, cellulitis, and skin breakdown, and a major problem in the fitting of shoes of orthoses. Correction of this deformity remains a difficult challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. Twelve tenodeses of the tendo Achillis to the fibula or tibia were performed in eight patients with myelodysplasia in an attempt to control calcaneus deformity. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 7.4 years (range, 3.1-13.5 years) with an average follow-up period of 6.3 years (range, two to 10.9 years). The clinical examination demonstrated definite improvement in the ability to brace, prevent skin breakdown, and improve gait in all but one patient who had progressive hindfoot valgus. Roentgenographically, there was improvement in the tibiocalcaneal angle in 67%, fibular station in 58%, talar tilt in 25%, and growth of the posterior aspect of the calcaneus in 58%.
神经系统疾病患者的跟骨畸形会导致步态紊乱、骨髓炎、蜂窝织炎和皮肤破损的高发病率,以及矫形器适配方面的重大问题。对于骨科医生而言,矫正这种畸形仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。为了控制跟骨畸形,对8例患有脊髓发育不良的患者进行了12次跟腱至腓骨或胫骨的肌腱固定术。手术时患者的平均年龄为7.4岁(范围为3.1 - 13.5岁),平均随访期为6.3年(范围为2至10.9年)。临床检查显示,除1例患有进行性后足外翻的患者外,所有患者在支撑能力、预防皮肤破损和改善步态方面均有明显改善。在X线片上,67%的患者胫跟角有所改善,58%的患者腓骨位置改善,25%的患者距骨倾斜度改善,58%的患者跟骨后侧生长情况改善。