Fontanals D, Van Esso D, Pons I, Pineda V, Sanfeliu I, Mariscal D, Vázquez J A
Laboratorio de Microbiología, Consorci Hospitalari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 1995 Aug-Sep;13(7):398-405.
To determine the prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) from healthy carriers and its resistance to penicillin in Cerdanyola population. To asses which risk factors were associated with healthy carriers and compare some epidemiologic characteristics between people with penicillin sensitive and penicillin resistant strains.
Cross-sectional seasonal study of 1500 individuals selected from day care centers, schools, colleges, cultural and working centers, located in different areas of Cerdanyola. We performed throat smears and immediate culture onto selective media for isolation of N. meningitidis. Data were evaluated by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis using the SPSS statistical package.
One hundred and ninety-one (12.7%) individuals harbored N. meningitidis strains. In logistic regression multivariate analysis, meningococcal carriage significantly increased for the age group 14-18 years (OR = 4.55 with respect to the reference group, 0-3 years), in the spring (OR = 2.29), male sex (OR = 1.67), and active smoking (OR = 1.45, intervals of 10 cigarettes/day), while meningococcal carriage significantly decreased in the group under 4 years at age (OR = 0.55), with prior use of antibiotics (OR = 0.58) and with bigger housing space (OR = 0.84 for 10 m2/person). A 42% of N. meningitidis strains in carriers from this population showed decreased sensitivity to penicillin (MIC > 0.1 microgram/ml). We have not found significantly association between the variables studied and penicillin resistance among carriers of N. meningitidis.
Age, spring season, sex, active smoking and overcrowded housing are significantly associated to carrier state. Prior use of antibiotics decreased to carrier state. According to our findings, reducing smoking habits and improving housing conditions may be useful measures to reduce the prevalence of carriers.
确定塞尔达尼奥拉人群中健康携带者脑膜炎奈瑟菌（N. meningitidis）的流行率及其对青霉素的耐药性。评估哪些危险因素与健康携带者相关，并比较携带青霉素敏感菌株和耐药菌株人群之间的一些流行病学特征。
对从塞尔达尼奥拉不同地区的日托中心、学校、学院、文化和工作中心选取的1500名个体进行横断面季节性研究。我们进行咽喉涂片并立即接种于选择性培养基上以分离脑膜炎奈瑟菌。使用SPSS统计软件包通过单变量和多变量统计分析对数据进行评估。
191名（12.7%）个体携带脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株。在逻辑回归多变量分析中，14 - 18岁年龄组（相对于参考组0 - 3岁，比值比[OR]=4.55）、春季（OR = 2.29）、男性（OR = 1.67）和主动吸烟（OR = 1.45，每天10支香烟的间隔）的脑膜炎球菌携带率显著增加，而4岁以下年龄组（OR = 0.55）、既往使用抗生素（OR = 0.58）和居住空间较大（每人10平方米时OR = 0.84）的脑膜炎球菌携带率显著降低。该人群携带者中42%的脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株对青霉素的敏感性降低（最低抑菌浓度[MIC]>0.1微克/毫升）。我们未发现所研究变量与脑膜炎奈瑟菌携带者的青霉素耐药性之间存在显著关联。
年龄、春季、性别、主动吸烟和居住拥挤与携带状态显著相关。既往使用抗生素会降低携带状态。根据我们的研究结果，减少吸烟习惯和改善居住条件可能是降低携带者流行率的有用措施。
