Gaziano J M, Manson J E, Branch L G, Colditz G A, Willett W C, Buring J E
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215-1204, USA.
Ann Epidemiol. 1995 Jul;5(4):255-60. doi: 10.1016/1047-2797(94)00090-g.
Recent evidence suggests that oxidative damage may be involved in atherogenesis, and thus dietary antioxidants, such as beta-carotene, may reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined the association between consumption of carotene-containing fruits and vegetables and CVD mortality among 1299 elderly Massachusetts residents who provided dietary information as a part of the Massachusetts Health Care Panel Study. During a mean follow-up of 4.75 years, there were 161 deaths attributable to CVD, 48 of which were due to myocardial infarction. For total CVD death and fatal myocardial infarction, risks were lower among those residents in the highest quartile for consumption of carotene-containing fruits and vegetables as compared with those in the lowest. For death due to CVD, the relative risk (RR) was 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.86; P for trend across quartiles, 0.004). For myocardial infarction the RR was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.67; P for trend, 0.002). These observational data are compatible with the hypothesis that increased dietary intake of carotenoids decreases the risks of CVD mortality; however, confounding cannot be ruled out. This hypothesis requires rigorous evaluation in randomized trials of sufficient size to detect reliably whether carotenoids confer small-to-moderate but clinically important protection against CVD.
近期证据表明，氧化损伤可能参与动脉粥样硬化的形成，因此，饮食中的抗氧化剂，如β-胡萝卜素，可能会降低心血管疾病（CVD）的风险。我们在1299名马萨诸塞州老年居民中研究了含胡萝卜素的水果和蔬菜的摄入量与CVD死亡率之间的关联，这些居民作为马萨诸塞州医疗保健小组研究的一部分提供了饮食信息。在平均4.75年的随访期间，有161例死亡归因于CVD，其中48例死于心肌梗死。对于总的CVD死亡和致命性心肌梗死，与摄入量最低的居民相比，摄入含胡萝卜素的水果和蔬菜量处于最高四分位数的居民风险更低。对于CVD导致的死亡，相对风险（RR）为0.54（95%置信区间（CI），0.34至0.86；四分位数间趋势的P值为0.004）。对于心肌梗死，RR为0.25（95%CI，0.09至0.67；趋势的P值为0.002）。这些观察数据与增加饮食中类胡萝卜素的摄入量可降低CVD死亡率风险的假设相符；然而，不能排除混杂因素的影响。这一假设需要在足够规模的随机试验中进行严格评估，以可靠地检测类胡萝卜素是否能为CVD提供小到中等程度但具有临床重要意义的保护作用。
