Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chavez", Tlalpan 14080, Mexico.
Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chavez", Tlalpan 14080, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 11;22(4):1786. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041786.
Oxidative stress is important in the pathophysiology of obesity, altering regulatory factors of mitochondrial activity, modifying the concentration of inflammation mediators associated with a large number and size of adipocytes, promoting lipogenesis, stimulating differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes, and regulating the energy balance in hypothalamic neurons that control appetite. This review discusses the participation of oxidative stress in obesity and the important groups of compounds found in plants with antioxidant properties, which include (a) polyphenols such as phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavonoids (flavonols, flavanols, anthocyanins, flavanones, flavones, flavanonols, and isoflavones), and curcuminoids (b) carotenoids, (c) capsaicinoids and casinoids, (d) isothiocyanates, (e) catechins, and (f) vitamins. Examples are analyzed, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, ferulic acid, phloretin, green tea, Hibiscus Sabdariffa, and garlic. The antioxidant activities of these compounds depend on their activities as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and on their capacity to prevent the activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), and reduce the expression of target genes, including those participating in inflammation. We conclude that natural compounds have therapeutic potential for diseases mediated by oxidative stress, particularly obesity. Controlled and well-designed clinical trials are still necessary to better know the effects of these compounds.
氧化应激在肥胖的病理生理学中很重要，它改变了线粒体活性的调节因子，改变了与大量脂肪细胞大小相关的炎症介质的浓度，促进脂肪生成，刺激前脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞的分化，并调节控制食欲的下丘脑神经元的能量平衡。本文讨论了氧化应激在肥胖中的作用，以及植物中具有抗氧化特性的重要化合物群体，包括(a)多酚，如酚酸、白藜芦醇、类黄酮（黄酮醇、黄烷醇、花青素、黄烷酮、黄酮、黄烷醇和异黄酮）和姜黄素；(b)类胡萝卜素；(c)辣椒素和辣椒素；(d)异硫氰酸盐；(e)儿茶素；和(f)维生素。分析了白藜芦醇、槲皮素、姜黄素、阿魏酸、根皮素、绿茶、玫瑰茄和大蒜等实例。这些化合物的抗氧化活性取决于它们作为活性氧（ROS）清除剂的活性，以及它们预防 NF-κB（核因子κ轻链增强子的激活 B 细胞）激活和减少靶基因表达的能力，包括参与炎症的基因。我们得出结论，天然化合物对氧化应激介导的疾病具有治疗潜力，特别是肥胖症。仍需要进行对照良好的临床试验，以更好地了解这些化合物的作用。
