Ancoli-Israel S, Klauber M R, Stepnowsky C, Estline E, Chinn A, Fell R
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Dec;152(6 Pt 1):1946-9. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.152.6.8520760.
Although sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been shown to be very prevalent in the elderly, little has been done to examine differences between the elderly of different racial groups. It has been well documented that SDB often results in hypertension and that hypertension is more common in African-Americans than in Caucasians. Therefore, one might suspect that SDB might be more common in African-Americans. Caucasians (n = 346) and African-Americans (n = 54) older than 65 yr of age were studied. African-Americans reported less satisfaction with sleep (p = 0.017), more difficulty falling asleep (p < 0.001), more daytime sleepiness (p = 0.0014), and more frequent morning headaches (p = 0.0043). African-Americans napped 0.8 times more frequently per evening (p = 0.05) and 11 min longer per nap (p = 0.019) than did Caucasians, and they showed a trend toward more total sleep time (428 versus 408 min). Of greater interest was the fact that more African-Americans had severe SDB with a relative risk twofold as great (relative risk = 2.13) as that for Caucasians, which was confirmed in a logistic regression analysis where race was associated with the presence of SDB (RDI > or = 30) independently of age, sex, and body mass index. The mean RDI for those African-Americans with severe SDB was significantly higher than that for Caucasians (72.1 versus 43.3; p = 0.014).
尽管睡眠呼吸障碍（SDB）在老年人中非常普遍，但针对不同种族老年人之间差异的研究却很少。有充分的文献记载，SDB常导致高血压，且高血压在非裔美国人中比在白种人中更为常见。因此，有人可能会怀疑SDB在非裔美国人中可能更常见。对346名65岁以上的白种人和54名65岁以上的非裔美国人进行了研究。非裔美国人对睡眠的满意度较低（p = 0.017），入睡困难更多（p < 0.001），白天嗜睡更多（p = 0.0014），早晨头痛更频繁（p = 0.0043）。非裔美国人每晚小睡的频率比白种人高0.8倍（p = 0.05），每次小睡时间长11分钟（p = 0.019），且他们的总睡眠时间有增加的趋势（428分钟对408分钟）。更值得关注的是，更多的非裔美国人患有严重的SDB，其相对风险是白种人的两倍（相对风险 = 2.13），这在逻辑回归分析中得到证实，即种族与SDB（呼吸紊乱指数[RDI]≥30）的存在独立于年龄、性别和体重指数相关。患有严重SDB的非裔美国人的平均RDI显著高于白种人（72.1对43.3；p = 0.014）。
