Blanksby B A, Parker H E, Bradley S, Ong V
Department of Human Movement, University of Western Australia.
Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1995 Jun;27(2):34-7.
This study attempted to establish whether an optimal age could be identified at which children were ready to learn the front crawl swimming stroke. The variables examined were: the number of lessons, the age of commencing lessons and the time duration for learning to swim 10m front crawl (Level 3). Longitudinal records of 326 children, aged between 2 and 8 years, were analysed using General Linear Model two-way (Age x Sex) analysis of variance procedures. The main effect for age was significant (p < 0.001) for all three variables. Post hoc analysis revealed that the children who started at 5 years of age received significantly fewer number of lessons and took shorter duration compared to those who commenced learning to swim at an earlier age. Whether pupils started lessons at 2, 3 or 4 years of age, they achieved Level 3 at approximately the same mean age of 5 1/2 years. The optimal readiness period was identified in this study to be between 5 and 6 years of age. There was little evidence of gender differences for all three variables.
本研究试图确定是否能找出一个最佳年龄，在此年龄儿童已准备好学习自由泳。所考察的变量包括：课程数量、开始上课的年龄以及学会10米自由泳（3级）所需的时长。对326名年龄在2至8岁之间儿童的纵向记录，采用通用线性模型双向（年龄×性别）方差分析程序进行分析。年龄的主效应在所有三个变量上均显著（p < 0.001）。事后分析表明，与那些更早开始学习游泳的儿童相比，5岁开始学习的儿童接受的课程数量显著更少，学习时长也更短。无论学生是在2岁、3岁还是4岁开始上课，他们达到3级的平均年龄大致相同，约为5.5岁。本研究确定的最佳年龄在5至6岁之间。对于所有三个变量，几乎没有证据表明存在性别差异。
