Rönnpagel K, Liss W, Ahlf W
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Arbeitsbereich Umweltschutztechnik, Germany.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1995 Jul;31(2):99-103. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1995.1048.
Due to the effects that sediment or soil matrices have on the bioavailability of compounds, it has been difficult to screen toxicity of solid-associated contaminants. The majority of microbial assays for testing toxicity of soils and sediments have been performed on water or solvent extracts. These procedures lead to a fractionation of the toxicity, which may underestimate or overestimate exposure routes and consequently potential adverse environmental effects. Recently, a solid-phase Microtox assay which eliminates the need for soil extracts and utilizes whole sediments or soils has been developed. This report describes a toxicity testing procedure using the inhibition of dehydrogenase enzyme activity of Bacillus cereus as test parameter. Studies with soil samples and a synthetic sediment spiked with organic contaminants and copper indicate the higher sensitivity of both solid-phase bioassays compared to water extract testing. A comparison of the results demonstrates that the B. cereus contact test is more sensitive for copper than the Photobacterium phosphoreum solid-phase test.
由于沉积物或土壤基质对化合物生物有效性的影响，筛选与固体相关污染物的毒性一直很困难。大多数用于测试土壤和沉积物毒性的微生物检测都是针对水提取物或溶剂提取物进行的。这些程序导致毒性分级，这可能会低估或高估暴露途径，进而低估或高估潜在的不利环境影响。最近，一种无需土壤提取物、利用整个沉积物或土壤的固相微毒性检测方法已经开发出来。本报告描述了一种以蜡样芽孢杆菌脱氢酶活性抑制作为测试参数的毒性检测程序。对土壤样品以及添加了有机污染物和铜的合成沉积物的研究表明，与水提取物检测相比，两种固相生物检测方法的灵敏度更高。结果比较表明，蜡样芽孢杆菌接触试验对铜的敏感性高于费氏弧菌固相试验。
