Gjerdingen D K, Chaloner K M, Vanderscoff J A
Department of Family Practice and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Fam Med. 1995 Sep;27(8):512-8.
A growing number of residents are having babies during residency training. While many businesses are working to improve maternity conditions and benefits for their employees, residency programs are often not prepared to accommodate pregnant residents. This study was conducted to examine the maternity leave experiences of women who delivered infants during their family practice residency training.
Program directors from each of the 394 family practice residency programs listed in the 1993 Directory of Family Practice Residency Programs were asked to distribute surveys to female residents who gave birth during their residency training and had returned to work by the time of the study.
Of 199 known eligible residents, 171 (86%) completed surveys; these women represented 127 programs located in 36 states and Puerto Rico. Only 56.8% of women were aware of their program having a written maternity leave policy. The average length of maternity leave was 8 weeks; 76% had leaves of 10 weeks or less. For many, the maternity leave was derived from more than one source, including vacation, sick time, or a mother-child elective. Nearly all (88.3%) the women breast-fed, and the mean duration of breast-feeding was more than 19 weeks. In general, participants believed that having a baby during residency was somewhat difficult. Problems frequently encountered by women after their return to work included sleep deprivation and tiredness, difficulty arranging for child care, guilt about child care, and breast-feeding. Factors that detracted most from the childbirth experience were too little sleep, problems arranging for child care, and lack of support from the partner, residency faculty, and other residents.
Having a baby during residency is somewhat difficult for the average female resident. Factors that may ease this difficulty include getting adequate sleep and receiving support from one's partner, faculty, and other residents.
越来越多的住院医师在住院医师培训期间生育。虽然许多企业正在努力改善员工的产假条件和福利，但住院医师培训项目往往没有做好接纳怀孕住院医师的准备。本研究旨在调查在家庭医学住院医师培训期间分娩的女性的产假经历。
向1993年《家庭医学住院医师培训项目名录》中列出的394个家庭医学住院医师培训项目的项目主任发放调查问卷，要求他们分发给在住院医师培训期间分娩且在研究时已重返工作岗位的女性住院医师。
在199名已知符合条件的住院医师中，171名（86%）完成了调查；这些女性代表了位于36个州和波多黎各的127个项目。只有56.8%的女性知道她们的项目有书面产假政策。产假的平均时长为8周；76%的人产假时长为10周或更短。对许多人来说，产假来自多个来源，包括假期、病假或母婴选修课程。几乎所有（88.3%）的女性进行母乳喂养，平均母乳喂养时长超过19周。总体而言，参与者认为在住院医师培训期间生育有些困难。女性重返工作岗位后经常遇到的问题包括睡眠不足和疲劳、安排 childcare 困难、对 childcare 感到内疚以及母乳喂养。最影响分娩体验的因素是睡眠过少、安排 childcare 困难以及缺乏伴侣、住院医师教员和其他住院医师的支持。
对于普通女性住院医师来说，在住院医师培训期间生育有些困难。可能减轻这种困难的因素包括获得充足睡眠以及得到伴侣、教员和其他住院医师的支持。
