Pecsenye K, Meglécz E
Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Kossuth Lajos University, Debrecen, Hungary.
Genetica. 1995;96(3):257-68. doi: 10.1007/BF01439580.
The level of enzyme polymorphism was compared in ten Drosophila melanogaster populations collected in farmyards and distilleries in two regions of Hungary. The total genetic diversity was partitioned into between- and within-population components at each investigated locus using Wright's F-statistics. Population differentiation was studied in two different ways. Genetic distances between pairs of populations were calculated and a hierarchical analysis of gene diversity was performed. Based on the F values gene flow was estimated among the populations at different levels of the hierarchy. The results indicated that our 'farmyard populations' collected within a region could be considered as parallel samples from a panmictic population rather than samples of distinct populations. In distilleries, the flies might be influenced by two different evolutionary forces: (i) selection due to the extremely high concentration of ethanol in the fermenting mash and (ii) genetic drift due to the combination of repeated founder effects and fluctuating population size. Our results suggested that 'distillery populations' could not be regarded as real populations either. They could be considered as peculiar cases: founder individuals taken from the total population (region) established special populations which survived in the distilleries for many generations. Thus the dominating force acting on the 'distillery populations' was genetic drift.
在匈牙利两个地区的农场和酿酒厂采集的十个黑腹果蝇种群中，对酶多态性水平进行了比较。使用赖特F统计量，在每个研究位点将总遗传多样性划分为种群间和种群内成分。以两种不同方式研究了种群分化。计算了种群对之间的遗传距离，并进行了基因多样性的层次分析。基于F值，估计了不同层次水平种群间的基因流。结果表明，在一个地区内采集的“农场种群”可被视为来自随机交配种群的平行样本，而非不同种群的样本。在酿酒厂中，果蝇可能受到两种不同进化力量的影响：（i）由于发酵醪中乙醇浓度极高而产生的选择作用，以及（ii）由于反复的奠基者效应和种群大小波动相结合而导致的遗传漂变。我们的结果表明，“酿酒厂种群”也不能被视为真正的种群。它们可被视为特殊情况：从整个种群（地区）中选取的奠基个体建立了特殊种群，这些种群在酿酒厂中存活了许多代。因此，作用于“酿酒厂种群”的主导力量是遗传漂变。
