Medina E, Kaempffer A M, Cornejo E, Hernández E
Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 1995 May;123(5):652-8.
The aim of this work was to study smoking habits, alcohol and drug use and living standards in a random sample of 1000 dwellings and 4700 people of Santiago through periodic surveys during 1993 and 1994. Forty nine percent of dwellings had at least one inhabitant that was a daily smoker and 73% had at least one occasional smoker. Thirty seven percent of subjects older than 15 years were smokers (40% of men and 35% of women), 27% were presumably addicted to tobacco and 16% former smokers. Alcohol abuse had a prevalence of 2.3%. The highest prevalence of smoking was noticed in low socioeconomical strata. Smoking was not related to educational level or emotional disturbances. Frequency of alcohol abuse or marihuana use was 8.8 times higher in former smokers and 25 times higher in actual smokers, compared to people that never smoked. Comparing these results with previous population surveys, the prevalence of smoking increased in the period 1971-1986 from 47 to 51% in men and from 26 to 43% in women. On the other hand, during the period 1986-1994 the prevalence decreased from 51 to 40% in men and from 43 to 35% in women.
这项研究的目的是通过1993年至1994年期间的定期调查，对圣地亚哥随机抽取的1000户家庭和4700人进行吸烟习惯、酒精和药物使用以及生活水平的研究。49%的家庭至少有一名居民是每日吸烟者，73%的家庭至少有一名偶尔吸烟者。15岁以上的受试者中，37%是吸烟者（男性为40%，女性为35%），27%可能对烟草上瘾，16%为曾经吸烟者。酗酒的患病率为2.3%。吸烟率在社会经济地位较低的阶层中最高。吸烟与教育水平或情绪障碍无关。与从不吸烟的人相比，曾经吸烟者的酗酒或使用大麻的频率高出8.8倍，实际吸烟者高出25倍。将这些结果与之前的人口调查相比，1971年至1986年期间，男性吸烟率从47%上升到51%，女性从26%上升到43%。另一方面，在1986年至1994年期间，男性吸烟率从51%下降到40%，女性从43%下降到35%。
