Ruis H, Schüller C
Vienna Biocenter, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Austria.
Bioessays. 1995 Nov;17(11):959-65. doi: 10.1002/bies.950171109.
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae three positive transcriptional control elements are activated by stress conditions: heat shock elements (HSEs), stress response elements (STREs) and AP-1 responsive elements (AREs). HSEs bind heat shock transcription factor (HSF), which is activated by stress conditions causing accumulation of abnormal proteins. STREs mediate transcriptional activation by multiple stress conditions. They are controlled by high osmolarity via the HOG signal pathway, which comprises a MAP kinase module and a two-component system homologous to prokaryotic signal transducers. AREs bind the transcription factor Yap1p. The three types of control elements seem to have overlapping, but distinct functions. Some stress proteins encoded by HSE-regulated genes are necessary for growth of yeast under moderate stress, products of STRE-activated genes appear to be important for survival under severe stress and ARE-controlled genes may mainly function during oxidative stress and in the response to toxic conditions, such as caused by heavy metal ions.
在酿酒酵母中，三种正转录控制元件可被应激条件激活：热休克元件（HSEs）、应激反应元件（STREs）和AP-1反应元件（AREs）。HSEs结合热休克转录因子（HSF），该因子在导致异常蛋白质积累的应激条件下被激活。STREs通过多种应激条件介导转录激活。它们通过高渗胁迫由HOG信号通路控制，该信号通路包含一个MAP激酶模块和一个与原核信号转导器同源的双组分系统。AREs结合转录因子Yap1p。这三种控制元件似乎具有重叠但不同的功能。一些由HSE调控基因编码的应激蛋白对于酵母在适度应激下的生长是必需的，STRE激活基因的产物对于在严重应激下的存活似乎很重要，而ARE控制的基因可能主要在氧化应激期间以及对有毒条件（如由重金属离子引起的条件）的反应中发挥作用。
