el-Shoura S M, Abdel Aziz M, Ali M E, el-Said M M, Ali K Z, Kemeir M A, Raoof A M, Allam M, Elmalik E M
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Hum Reprod. 1995 Sep;10(9):2295-300. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136288.
The semen parameters and sperm ultrastructural morphology have been described in semen samples from two groups of Yemeni subjects. The first 'exposed' group comprised 65 khat addicts, while the second control group included 50 non-khat addict subjects. The mean age was 39.94 +/- 13.85 and 35.72 +/- 11.35 years in the exposed and control groups respectively, without a significant difference. The mean duration of khat addiction among the addicts was 25.34 +/- 12.96 years (range 6.00-48.00). Statistically significant differences were detected between the semen parameters of the two groups. Such parameters, including semen volume, sperm count, sperm motility, motility index and percentage of normal spermatozoa, were lower among addicts. Significant negative correlation was also found between the duration of khat consumption and all semen parameters (r ranged from -0.30 to -0.74). At the transmission electron microscopy level, a counting system was incorporated to compare the numbers of normal spermatozoa with deformed and dead spermatozoa in ultrathin plastic sections. The total mean percentage of deformed spermatozoa was approximately 65%. Different patterns of sperm deformation were demonstrated, and included both the head and flagella in complete spermatozoa, aflagellate heads, headless flagella and multiple heads and flagella. Deformed heads showed aberrated nuclei with immature nuclear chromatin and polymorphic intranuclear inclusions; these were associated with acrosomal defects. The deformed flagella demonstrated numeric aberrations of the axonemal 9 + 2 configuration and structural defects of their associated elements. Persistent cytoplasmic droplets were observed frequently. This study has shown for the first time the deleterious effects of khat addiction on semen parameters in general and sperm morphology in particular of all addicts, especially those who have consumed khat for longer periods of time.
已对两组也门受试者精液样本中的精液参数和精子超微结构形态进行了描述。第一组“暴露”组由65名恰特草成瘾者组成，而第二组对照组包括50名非恰特草成瘾者。暴露组和对照组的平均年龄分别为39.94±13.85岁和35.72±11.35岁，无显著差异。成瘾者中恰特草成瘾的平均时长为25.34±12.96年（范围为6.00 - 48.00年）。两组的精液参数之间存在统计学上的显著差异。这些参数，包括精液量、精子计数、精子活力、活力指数和正常精子百分比，在成瘾者中较低。恰特草食用时长与所有精液参数之间也发现了显著的负相关（r范围为 - 0.30至 - 0.74）。在透射电子显微镜水平，采用了一种计数系统来比较超薄塑料切片中正常精子与变形和死亡精子的数量。变形精子的总平均百分比约为65%。展示了不同的精子变形模式，包括完整精子中的头部和鞭毛、无鞭毛头部、无头鞭毛以及多头和多鞭毛。变形的头部显示出核异常，核染色质不成熟且核内有形态多样的包涵体；这些与顶体缺陷有关。变形的鞭毛表现出轴丝9 + 2结构的数量异常及其相关元件的结构缺陷。经常观察到持续存在的细胞质滴。这项研究首次表明，恰特草成瘾对所有成瘾者的精液参数，尤其是精子形态，具有有害影响，特别是那些食用恰特草时间较长的成瘾者。
