Wayment H A, Taylor S E
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563, USA.
J Pers. 1995 Dec;63(4):729-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00315.x.
At least three motives guide self-evaluation: accuracy, self-enhancement, and self-improvement. To satisfy these motives, self-evaluation may utilize different information sources. Self-esteem may also moderate self-evaluation strategies. Participants evaluated the frequency and usefulness of eight types of information for meeting the three motives in two life domains: academics and social life. Personal standards information was reported to be used more frequently than objective or social comparison information and also perceived as most useful for meeting all three motives. Individuals low in self-esteem reported using more social comparison information than those high in self-esteem, especially upward social comparison information. Individuals with high self-esteem reported using personal standards information more often than they used social comparison information, while individuals with low self-esteem relied equally often on these two types of information. Discussion focuses on the role social comparison information may have for those with unstable self-concepts.
准确性、自我提升和自我完善。为了满足这些动机，自我评价可能会利用不同的信息来源。自尊也可能会调节自我评价策略。参与者评估了在学术和社会生活这两个生活领域中，八种信息类型对于满足这三种动机的频率和有用性。据报告，个人标准信息的使用频率高于客观或社会比较信息，并且被认为对满足所有三种动机最有用。低自尊的个体报告使用的社会比较信息比高自尊的个体更多，尤其是向上的社会比较信息。高自尊的个体报告使用个人标准信息的频率高于使用社会比较信息的频率，而低自尊的个体对这两种信息的依赖程度相同。讨论聚焦于社会比较信息对于自我概念不稳定的人可能具有的作用。
