Mori S, Ward L M
Nagasaki University, Japan.
Percept Psychophys. 1995 Oct;57(7):1065-79. doi: 10.3758/bf03205465.
To reveal the pure effects of trial-by-trial feedback on judgmental accuracy and sequential dependencies independent of global anchoring effects and other influences, we presented subjects with sequences consisting alternately (within an experimental session) of short runs of trials with feedback (feedback sequences) and without feedback (no-feedback sequences). In Experiments 1 and 2 (absolute identification of sound intensity and sound frequency, respectively), judgmental accuracy was the same in the feedback and the no-feedback sequences, contrary to previous results. Also, in the feedback sequences, the dependency of the current response on the immediately preceding stimulus was larger than that in the no-feedback sequences, while the dependency on the previous response was larger in the no-feedback sequences. In Experiment 3 (absolute identification of sound frequency), we attempted to separate the effects of the number of response categories on sequential dependencies from the effects of the number of stimuli. The results showed that the number of response categories had a larger effect than the number of stimuli on most aspects of performance, but that both affected sequential dependencies. These results are generally consistent with a theory of absolute identification in which feedback affects judgmental accuracy by improving long-term memory for judgmental anchors, while feedback affects sequential dependencies by altering response biases.
为了揭示逐次试验反馈对判断准确性和序列依赖性的纯粹影响，而不受全局锚定效应和其他影响的干扰，我们向受试者呈现了由（在一个实验环节内）交替出现的有反馈试验短序列（反馈序列）和无反馈试验短序列（无反馈序列）组成的序列。在实验1和实验2中（分别为声音强度和声音频率的绝对识别），与之前的结果相反，反馈序列和无反馈序列中的判断准确性相同。此外，在反馈序列中，当前反应对紧接在前刺激的依赖性大于无反馈序列中的依赖性，而对前一个反应的依赖性在无反馈序列中更大。在实验3（声音频率的绝对识别）中，我们试图将反应类别数量对序列依赖性的影响与刺激数量的影响区分开来。结果表明，反应类别数量在表现的大多数方面比刺激数量的影响更大，但两者都影响序列依赖性。这些结果总体上与一种绝对识别理论一致，即反馈通过改善对判断锚点的长期记忆来影响判断准确性，而反馈通过改变反应偏差来影响序列依赖性。
