Mori S, Ward L M
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Can J Psychol. 1990 Mar;44(1):58-68. doi: 10.1037/h0084235.
The fuzzy judgement model of Ward (1979) predicts an inverse relation between the amount of stimulus information available to subjects and the magnitude of sequential dependencies on previous stimuli and responses in psychophysical scaling tasks. Ward confirmed this prediction for magnitude estimations of interdot distance for previous responses but not for previous stimuli, although the inverse relation has been repeatedly reported for both the previous stimuli and responses in absolute identification (e.g., Mori, 1989). This paper further explores this seemingly puzzling contradiction. A magnitude estimation of loudness experiment was conducted in which the amount of stimulus information available to subjects was manipulated by a modified version of informational masking (Watson, 1987). An absolute-identification-with-feedback experiment was also conducted to check the effectiveness of the informational masking in reducing the amount of stimulus information. The results of the magnitude estimation experiment show a striking similarity with those of Ward and generalize the failure of sequential dependencies on previous stimuli to vary inversely with stimulus information. An additional assumption that judgement strategies are altered under low-information conditions is necessary to explain this result.
沃德（1979年）的模糊判断模型预测，在心理物理学标度任务中，受试者可获得的刺激信息数量与对先前刺激和反应的序列依赖性大小之间存在反比关系。沃德证实了这一预测适用于对先前反应的点间距离进行大小估计，但不适用于先前刺激，尽管在绝对识别中，对于先前刺激和反应，这种反比关系已被多次报道（例如，森，1989年）。本文进一步探讨了这一看似令人困惑的矛盾。进行了一项响度大小估计实验，其中通过信息掩蔽的修改版本（沃森，1987年）来操纵受试者可获得的刺激信息数量。还进行了一项有反馈的绝对识别实验，以检验信息掩蔽在减少刺激信息数量方面的有效性。大小估计实验的结果与沃德的结果惊人地相似，并推广了对先前刺激的序列依赖性不会随刺激信息呈反比变化的结论。为了解释这一结果，需要一个额外的假设，即在低信息条件下判断策略会发生改变。
