Shinohara H
Division of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Anat Rec. 1995 Sep;243(1):145-50. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092430116.
The superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus muscles were once regarded as a single muscle judging from their insertion and function. However, current textbooks of anatomy do not treat them as one muscle. In gross anatomy, the classification of muscles depends largely upon the nerve supply, so that the present author re-examined the nerve supply to the three muscles.
Fourteen nerve-muscle specimens were taken from 12 cadavers (five males and seven females) and examined with the unaided eye and under a dissecting microscope.
(1) The modes of nerve supply to the superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus muscles differed; however, the nerves to the muscles shared the same spinal nerve components. (2) The gemelli formed a muscular pocket ("gemellus pocket") through which obturator internus muscle passed.
In light of this knowledge on nerve muscle relationships, the difference in the pattern of nerve supply to the superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus muscles cannot be the basis for stating that the muscle are independent. Rather, their fusion to form the gemellus pocket and their common insertion suggest that they are different heads of one muscle.
从耻骨肌的附着点和功能来看，上孖肌、下孖肌和闭孔内肌曾被视为一块单一的肌肉。然而，当前的解剖学教科书并不将它们视为一块肌肉。在大体解剖学中，肌肉的分类很大程度上取决于神经支配，因此作者重新研究了这三块肌肉的神经支配情况。
从12具尸体（5具男性和7具女性）上获取了14个神经 - 肌肉标本，并通过肉眼和解剖显微镜进行检查。
（1）上孖肌、下孖肌和闭孔内肌的神经支配方式有所不同；然而，支配这些肌肉的神经具有相同的脊神经成分。（2）孖肌形成了一个肌肉袋（“孖肌袋”），闭孔内肌从中穿过。
鉴于对神经 - 肌肉关系的这一认识，上孖肌、下孖肌和闭孔内肌神经支配模式的差异不能作为说明这些肌肉是独立的依据。相反，它们融合形成孖肌袋以及共同的附着点表明它们是一块肌肉的不同头。
