Jones G
Department of PE, Loughborough University.
Br J Psychol. 1995 Nov;86 ( Pt 4):449-78. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02565.x.
This paper provides a critical overview of developments and issues in competitive anxiety research. The discussion is divided into sections dealing with general arousal-based approaches, general anxiety-based approaches and, finally, multi-dimensional anxiety-based approaches. The major emphasis is on multidimensional anxiety-based approaches, in which a number of factors and issues surrounding the competitive anxiety response are addressed, including: conceptual and measurement developments; antecedents of competitive anxiety; temporal patterning of the response; and frequency of competition-related cognitive intrusions. Research which has examined the relationship between multidimensional anxiety and performance is considered in detail, including debilitative and facilitative competitive anxiety states and catastrophe models. A control model of debilitative and facilitative competitive anxiety is proposed. Finally, recommendations for future research are suggested.
本文对竞技焦虑研究的发展及问题进行了批判性综述。讨论分为几个部分，分别涉及基于一般唤醒的方法、基于一般焦虑的方法，最后是基于多维焦虑的方法。主要重点是基于多维焦虑的方法，其中涉及了围绕竞技焦虑反应的一些因素和问题，包括：概念和测量的发展；竞技焦虑的前因；反应的时间模式；以及与竞争相关的认知侵入频率。详细探讨了研究多维焦虑与表现之间关系的研究，包括削弱性和促进性竞技焦虑状态以及灾难模型。提出了一个关于削弱性和促进性竞技焦虑的控制模型。最后，给出了未来研究的建议。
