Christoffel K K, Donovan M, Schofer J, Wills K, Lavigne J V
Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
Pediatrics. 1996 Jan;97(1):33-42.
Psychosocial factors--such as hyperactivity and low family cohesion--contribute to the risk for child pedestrian injury (PI), even after controlling for known demographic risk factors.
Urban PI victims aged 5 to 12 years were recruited from one large, urban pediatric trauma center in a large city. One hundred twenty-eight cases were matched to uninjured children on age, sex, race, location of residence, and parental education. Among matched cases: 70% were male, 41% were black, 33% were Hispanic, and 66% of the mothers had a high school education or less. RESEARCH DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: Case-control comparisons on 19 psychosocial variables drawn from interviews and standardized tests, using one-tailed matched-pairs t tests and conditional logistic regression analyses.
Cases had higher reported physical quotient [PQ] (P = .01), self-help quotient (P = .04), and family stress (P = .02), and lower family supportiveness (P = .03). Multivariate analyses confirmed that PQ was higher in cases (10-point increase: odds ratio (OR) = 1.32 [90% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.76], that stress was higher in cases (1 log increase: OR 2.13, [1.26-3.61]), and that cases had lower family supportiveness (25-point decrease: OR 1.43 [1.25-1.63]). It also identified household crowding as a factor for non-black cases (OR for increase of 0.25 people per room: 2.18, [1.31-3.62]).
Even when controlling for demographic risk, several family factors and one child factor place children at risk for PI. Clinicians may choose to use these as indicators for injury prevention counseling. Research on family effects may help clarify means to protect children who are demographically at risk for PI.
即使在控制了已知的人口统计学风险因素之后，诸如多动和家庭凝聚力低等社会心理因素也会增加儿童行人受伤（PI）的风险。
从一个大城市的一家大型城市儿科创伤中心招募了5至12岁的城市PI受害者。128例病例与未受伤儿童在年龄、性别、种族、居住地点和父母教育程度方面进行了匹配。在匹配的病例中：70%为男性，41%为黑人，33%为西班牙裔，66%的母亲受过高中或以下教育。研究设计与测量：通过访谈和标准化测试得出19个社会心理变量，采用单尾配对t检验和条件逻辑回归分析进行病例对照比较。
病例组报告的身体商数[PQ]更高（P = 0.01）、自助商数更高（P = 0.04）、家庭压力更高（P = 0.02），而家庭支持性更低（P = 0.03）。多变量分析证实，病例组的PQ更高（增加10分：优势比（OR）= 1.32 [90%置信区间（CI）1.01 - 1.76]），压力更高（增加1个对数单位：OR 2.13，[1.26 - 3.61]），且病例组的家庭支持性更低（减少25分：OR 1.43 [1.25 - 1.63]）。研究还确定家庭拥挤是非黑人病例的一个因素（每间房增加0.25人：OR 2.18，[1.31 - 3.62]）。
即使控制了人口统计学风险，一些家庭因素和一个儿童因素仍会使儿童面临PI风险。临床医生可选择将这些因素用作伤害预防咨询的指标。对家庭影响的研究可能有助于阐明保护在人口统计学上有PI风险儿童的方法。
