Lawton M P, Van Haitsma K, Klapper J
Polisher Research Institute, Philadelphia Geriatric Center, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1996 Jan;51(1):P3-14. doi: 10.1093/geronb/51b.1.p3.
A method for assessing affect states among older people with Alzheimer's disease was developed for use in a study designed to evaluate a special care unit for such residents of a nursing home. The 6-item Philadelphia Geriatric Center Affect Rating Scale was designed for the use of research and other staff in assessing positive affect (pleasure, interest, contentment) and negative affect (sadness, worry/anxiety, and anger) by direct observation of facial expression, body movement, and other cues that do not depend on self-report, among 253 demented and 43 nondemented residents. Each affect scale was highly reliable, expressed in estimated portions of a 10-minute observation period when the affect expression occurred. Validity estimates were affirmative in showing discriminant correlations between the positive states and various independent measures of social and other outwardly engaged behavior and between negative states and other measures of depression, anger, anxiety, and withdrawal. Limited support for the two-factor dimensionality of the affect ratings was obtained, although positive and negative affect were correlated, rather than independent. Some hope is offered that the preference and aversions of Alzheimer patients may be better understood by observations of their emotional behaviors and that such methods may lead to a better ability to judge institutional quality.
一种用于评估阿尔茨海默病老年人情感状态的方法被开发出来，用于一项旨在评估养老院中此类居民的特殊护理单元的研究。6项费城老年中心情感评定量表旨在供研究人员和其他工作人员使用，通过直接观察面部表情、身体动作以及其他不依赖自我报告的线索，来评估253名痴呆居民和43名非痴呆居民的积极情感（愉悦、兴趣、满足）和消极情感（悲伤、担忧/焦虑和愤怒）。每个情感量表都具有高度可靠性，以情感表达出现时10分钟观察期的估计比例来表示。效度估计是肯定的，表明积极状态与社会及其他外向行为的各种独立测量之间以及消极状态与抑郁、愤怒、焦虑和退缩的其他测量之间存在判别相关性。虽然积极情感和消极情感是相关的，而非独立的，但对情感评定的两因素维度获得了有限的支持。有人希望，通过观察阿尔茨海默病患者的情感行为，可能会更好地理解他们的偏好和厌恶，并且这些方法可能会提高判断机构质量的能力。
