Löve A, Stanzeit B
Department of Medical Virology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1995 Aug;11(4):397-402. doi: 10.1007/BF01721224.
This study describes an outbreak of hepatitis B primarily among intravenous drug users in Iceland which has a population with a very low incidence of hepatitis B virus infection. The incidence of acute hepatitis B is generally low in the Nordic Countries, in the order of one to five cases per 100,000 people per year. Between 1989 and 1992 there was an outbreak of hepatitis B virus infection primarily among the intravenous drug user (IVDU) population in Iceland. At the Department of Medical Virology, University of Iceland there were 44 cases of acute hepatitis B identified during the peak year 1990, an incidence of 16.9 cases of acute hepatitis B per 100,000 people. 63.6% of these were known to be IVDUs. The seroprevalence of the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) marker was assessed among 1100 randomly selected individuals. The average prevalence of this marker was 2.9% and rose from zero at the age of 15 and younger to 6.5% at the age of 65 and older. Among IVDUs attending a detoxification clinic in 1990 the prevalence of the anti-HBc was 32%. In contrast, those attending the same clinic, due to alcoholism only, did not have a significantly higher prevalence of anti-HBc than the group used for comparison.
本研究描述了冰岛主要在静脉注射吸毒者中发生的一次乙型肝炎暴发，该国乙型肝炎病毒感染发生率极低。北欧国家急性乙型肝炎的发病率通常较低，每年每10万人中约有1至5例。1989年至1992年期间，冰岛主要在静脉注射吸毒者人群中发生了一次乙型肝炎病毒感染暴发。在冰岛大学医学病毒学系，1990年高峰年期间确诊了44例急性乙型肝炎病例，急性乙型肝炎发病率为每10万人中有16.9例。其中63.6%已知为静脉注射吸毒者。在随机抽取的1100人中评估了乙型肝炎核心抗体（抗-HBc）标志物的血清流行率。该标志物的平均流行率为2.9%，从15岁及以下的零上升到65岁及以上的6.5%。1990年在一家戒毒诊所就诊的静脉注射吸毒者中，抗-HBc的流行率为32%。相比之下，仅因酗酒在同一家诊所就诊的人，其抗-HBc的流行率与对照组相比没有显著升高。
