Christenson B
Department of Epidemiology, National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Infect. 1987 Nov;15(3):269-77. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(87)92828-3.
All the cases of clinical hepatitis B reported in Sweden since 1969 have been studied. The 10-year period 1976-1985 has been analysed intensively. For comparative purposes, the study also includes the hepatitis cases reported in 1962 and 1967. Serum hepatitis first affected young adults aged 15-24 years at the beginning of the 1960s. Cyclical outbreaks of hepatitis B due to transmission among drug abusers have been recognised since 1969. The disease was first observed in urban areas but later in rural parts of Sweden also. After 1976, a year in which outbreaks arose in various parts of Sweden, the numbers of hepatitis B cases decreased. In 1969, more than 50% of the cases reported as serum hepatitis concerned drug abusers. During the period 1976-1985, the main risk factor was drug abuse for between 20 and 52% of cases and sexual activity for between 8 and 28% of cases. Since 1969, 2-3% of cases annually have been related to blood-transfusion. In the last 5-year period, a total of 129 cases was reported among persons employed in the medical and dental fields. Of these, 59 had non-occupational exposure. During the same period, 33 patients reported contacts with infected persons, mostly household contacts. Seventy five persons had been travelling abroad.
对自1969年以来瑞典报告的所有临床乙型肝炎病例进行了研究。对1976 - 1985年这10年期间进行了深入分析。为作比较，该研究还纳入了1962年和1967年报告的肝炎病例。血清型肝炎在20世纪60年代初首先影响15 - 24岁的年轻人。自1969年以来，已认识到因吸毒者之间传播而导致的乙型肝炎周期性暴发。该疾病最初在城市地区被观察到，但后来在瑞典农村地区也有发现。1976年瑞典各地出现了疫情，此后乙型肝炎病例数下降。1969年，报告为血清型肝炎的病例中超过50%与吸毒者有关。在1976 - 1985年期间，主要危险因素在20%至52%的病例中是吸毒，在8%至28%的病例中是性活动。自1969年以来，每年有2% - 3%的病例与输血有关。在过去5年期间，医疗和牙科领域从业人员中共报告了129例病例。其中，59例有非职业性接触。在同一时期，33例患者报告与感染者有接触，大多是家庭接触。75人曾出国旅行。
