Muntoni S
Centre for Metabolic Diseases and Atherosclerosis, the ME.DI.CO. Association, Cagliari, Italy.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1995 Oct;11(5):485-94. doi: 10.1007/BF01719298.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of premature death and disability in the developed world. Broad consensus exists on CVD preventability through reduction of their risk factors at both the individual and population level. The latter kind of intervention implies involvement of policy-making institutions, owing to the manifold implications (agriculture, industry, environment) of such programmes. They have to be developed through three phases in succession: observational studies; intervention trials; public health action programmes. The implementation of the latter can only result from merging of biomedicine and politics and must rest on sound scientific-ethical bases. Other important issues are cost effectiveness, resort to mass media, transfer to other communities, funding and institutionalization. As a practical example of development and implementation of a public health programme, the experience of the ATS-Sardegna Campaign is briefly described.
心血管疾病（CVD）是发达国家过早死亡和残疾的主要原因。对于通过在个体和人群层面降低风险因素来预防心血管疾病，已达成广泛共识。后一种干预意味着政策制定机构的参与，因为此类计划具有多方面的影响（农业、工业、环境）。它们必须依次经过三个阶段来制定：观察性研究；干预试验；公共卫生行动计划。后者的实施只能通过生物医学与政治的融合来实现，并且必须建立在坚实的科学伦理基础之上。其他重要问题包括成本效益、借助大众媒体、推广到其他社区、资金和制度化。作为公共卫生计划制定与实施的一个实际例子，简要介绍了撒丁岛美国胸科协会运动的经验。
