An analysis of memory dysfunction in major depression.

15 patients suffering from DSM-III-R major depression were compared with 15 age-, sex- and intelligence-matched controls on a battery of memory tests, aimed at fractionating memory dysfunction in depression. Patients were unimpaired relative to controls on measures of short-term memory, recognition, semantic memory and implicit memory. There was no evidence of a hedonic bias in recall of positive vs. negatively valenced stimuli, nor was there any correlation between depression severity and level of memory impairment. Psychotic patients did not demonstrate greater memory impairment relative to nonpsychotic depressed patients. As a group, however, depressed patients demonstrated deficits in psychomotor speed and in free recall of material (both immediate and delayed). The selective recall deficit suggests that material has been encoded but that patients are particularly impaired with regard to search and retrieval processes.