Brady W E, Mares-Perlman J A, Bowen P, Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53705-2397, USA.
J Nutr. 1996 Jan;126(1):129-37. doi: 10.1093/jn/126.1.129.
We examined the concentrations of five carotenoids in the serum and diet of a population-based sample of 400 individuals to determine what physiologic and lifestyle factors were related to serum carotenoid concentrations, how these relationships differed among the carotenoids, and if these relationships reflected differences in carotenoid intake. Lower serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein+zeaxanthin generally were associated with male gender, smoking, younger age, lower non-HDL cholesterol, greater ethanol consumption and higher body mass index. Serum lycopene generally was not related to these factors, but lower lycopene levels were associated with older age and lower non-HDL cholesterol. Only the hydrocarbon carotenoids (alpha- and beta-carotene and lycopene) were directly associated with HDL cholesterol. The associations of some factors (gender, age, smoking, and ethanol intake) with serum carotenoids were similar to the associations of these factors with levels in the diet, indicating that serum carotenoids may reflect the influence of these factors on carotenoid intake. Consistent with this notion, correlations between serum and dietary carotenoids did not differ between smokers and nonsmokers. Other factors (HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and body mass index) associated with carotenoids in the serum were not associated with carotenoid intake, indicating that physiologic conditions that affect the absorption, storage, and utilization of carotenoids may influence these associations. These physiologic and behavioral correlates of carotenoids could explain or modify associations of carotenoids with chronic diseases.
我们检测了来自400名个体的人群样本血清和饮食中5种类胡萝卜素的浓度，以确定哪些生理和生活方式因素与血清类胡萝卜素浓度相关，这些关系在不同类胡萝卜素之间有何差异，以及这些关系是否反映了类胡萝卜素摄入量的差异。血清中α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质和叶黄素+玉米黄质浓度较低通常与男性、吸烟、较年轻、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低、乙醇摄入量较高和体重指数较高有关。血清番茄红素通常与这些因素无关，但番茄红素水平较低与年龄较大和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低有关。只有碳氢类胡萝卜素（α-和β-胡萝卜素以及番茄红素）与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇直接相关。一些因素（性别、年龄、吸烟和乙醇摄入量）与血清类胡萝卜素的关联与这些因素与饮食中水平的关联相似，这表明血清类胡萝卜素可能反映了这些因素对类胡萝卜素摄入量的影响。与此观点一致，吸烟者和非吸烟者血清与饮食类胡萝卜素之间的相关性并无差异。与血清类胡萝卜素相关的其他因素（高密度脂蛋白和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及体重指数）与类胡萝卜素摄入量无关，这表明影响类胡萝卜素吸收、储存和利用的生理状况可能会影响这些关联。类胡萝卜素的这些生理和行为相关性可以解释或改变类胡萝卜素与慢性疾病的关联。
