Whitehead R L, Schiavetti N, Whitehead B H, Metz D E
NTID Department of Communication Research, Rochester Institute of Technology, NY 14623-5604, USA.
J Speech Hear Res. 1995 Oct;38(5):1014-24. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3805.1014.
The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (a) to determine if there are changes in specific temporal characteristics of speech that occur during simultaneous communication, and (b) to determine if known temporal rules of spoken English are disrupted during simultaneous communication. Ten speakers uttered sentences consisting of a carrier phrase and experimental CVC words under conditions of: (a) speech, (b) speech combined with signed English, and (c) speech combined with signed English for every word except the CVC word that was fingerspelled. The temporal features investigated included: (a) sentence duration, (b) experimental CVC word duration, (c) vowel duration in experimental CVC words, (d) pause duration before and after experimental CVC words, and (e) consonantal effects on vowel duration. Results indicated that for all durational measures, the speech/sign/fingerspelling condition was longest, followed by the speech/sign condition, with the speech condition being shortest: It was also found that for all three speaking conditions, vowels were longer in duration when preceding voiced consonants than vowels preceding their voiceless cognates, and that a low vowel was longer in duration than a high vowel. These findings indicate that speakers consistently reduced their rate of speech when using simultaneous communication, but did not violate these specific temporal rules of English important for consonant and vowel perception.
（a）确定在同时交流过程中语音的特定时间特征是否发生变化，以及（b）确定在同时交流过程中已知的英语口语时间规则是否被打乱。十名说话者在以下条件下说出由一个载体短语和实验性CVC单词组成的句子：（a）仅语音，（b）语音与手语英语结合，以及（c）除了用手指拼写的CVC单词外，每个单词的语音都与手语英语结合。所研究的时间特征包括：（a）句子时长，（b）实验性CVC单词时长，（c）实验性CVC单词中的元音时长，（d）实验性CVC单词前后的停顿时长，以及（e）辅音对元音时长的影响。结果表明，对于所有时长测量，语音/手语/手指拼写条件下的时长最长，其次是语音/手语条件，语音条件下的时长最短：还发现，在所有三种说话条件下，与清辅音前的元音相比，浊辅音前的元音时长更长，并且低元音的时长比高元音更长。这些发现表明，说话者在使用同时交流时会持续降低语速，但不会违反这些对于辅音和元音感知很重要的英语特定时间规则。
