Marín G, Pérez-Stable E J
Department of Psychology, University of San Francisco, Calif 94117-1080, USA.
J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1995(18):155-63.
The need for a culturally appropriate smoking-cessation intervention for Latinos is based on data on current patterns of tobacco use, possible targeting by the tobacco industry, and the lack of smoking-cessation interventions that are appropriate to the cultural characteristics of Latino smokers.
Our goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Programa Latino Para Dejar de Fumar (PLDF) in disseminating smoking-cessation information in San Francisco's Latino community.
Annual cross-sectional telephone surveys were conducted from 1986 to 1993 of Latino adults, 18-65 years of age, living in census tracts with at least 10% Latinos. Surveys in 1986 and 1987 formed the base line for comparison of PLDF effects.
Awareness of a Hispanic smoking-cessation program (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.14), awareness of PLDF specifically (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.10-1.17), awareness of available printed information to help smokers quit (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.06-1.12), and having a copy of the Guía Para Dejar de Fumar (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.05-1.14) were significantly associated with year of survey. In addition, those same variables were significantly associated with a lower acculturation score (respective ORs = 3.95, and 95% CI = 3.57-4.37; OR = 5.40, and 95% CI = 4.86-6.01; OR = 0.63, and 95% CI = 0.58-0.69; and OR = 4.54, and 95% CI = 3.89-5.30). Women were more likely than men to report awareness of a Hispanic smoking-cessation program (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81-0.96), awareness of PLDF (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.77-0.92), and awareness of available printed information (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.72-0.85). Cigarette-smoking prevalence decreased from 1986 through 1990, stabilized in 1991, and appeared to increase among all groups in 1993. Prevalence of smoking cessation remained stable overall, but it showed a steady increase among less acculturated respondents.
We conclude that a culturally appropriate community intervention to promote nonsmoking can be successful at disseminating information about smoking cessation. Latino community norms about smoking are evolving, leading to decreased social acceptability.
为拉丁裔提供符合其文化特点的戒烟干预措施的必要性，是基于当前烟草使用模式的数据、烟草行业可能的针对性营销，以及缺乏适合拉丁裔吸烟者文化特征的戒烟干预措施。
我们的目标是评估拉丁裔戒烟计划（PLDF）在旧金山拉丁裔社区传播戒烟信息的效果。
1986年至1993年，对居住在拉丁裔人口至少占10%的普查区的18至65岁拉丁裔成年人进行年度横断面电话调查。1986年和1987年的调查形成了比较PLDF效果的基线。
对西班牙裔戒烟计划的知晓率（优势比[OR]=1.11；95%置信区间[CI]=1.09 - 1.14）、对PLDF的知晓率（OR = 1.14；95% CI = 1.10 - 1.17）、对可获取的帮助吸烟者戒烟的印刷信息的知晓率（OR = 1.09；95% CI = 1.06 - 1.12）以及拥有《戒烟指南》（OR = 1.09；95% CI = 1.05 - 1.14）均与调查年份显著相关。此外，这些变量与较低的文化适应得分也显著相关（各自的OR分别为3.95，95% CI = 3.57 - 4.37；OR = 5.40，95% CI = 4.86 - 6.01；OR = 0.63，95% CI = 0.58 - 0.69；OR = 4.54，95% CI = 3.89 - 5.30）。女性比男性更有可能报告知晓西班牙裔戒烟计划（OR = 0.88；95% CI = 0.81 - 0.96）、知晓PLDF（OR = 0.84；95% CI = 0.77 - 0.92）以及知晓可获取的印刷信息（OR = 0.78；95% CI = 0.72 - 0.85）。1986年至1990年，吸烟率下降，1991年稳定，1993年所有群体的吸烟率似乎有所上升。总体而言，戒烟率保持稳定，但在文化适应程度较低的受访者中呈稳步上升趋势。
我们得出结论，一项符合文化特点且旨在促进非吸烟行为的社区干预措施在传播戒烟信息方面可以取得成功。拉丁裔社区关于吸烟的规范正在演变，导致社会接受度降低。
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