Muñoz Ricardo Felipe, Chen Ken, Bunge Eduardo Liniers, Bravin Julia Isabela, Shaughnessy Elizabeth Annelly, Pérez-Stable Eliseo Joaquín
Institute for International Internet Interventions for Health, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America,
School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2014 May-Jun;35(5-6):407-14.
To describe a 10-year proof-of-concept smoking cessation research program evaluating the reach of online health interventions throughout the Americas.
Recruitment occurred from 2002 - 2011, primarily using Google.com AdWords. Over 6 million smokers from the Americas entered keywords related to smoking cessation; 57 882 smokers (15 912 English speakers and 41 970 Spanish speakers) were recruited into online self-help automated intervention studies. To examine disparities in utilization of methods to quit smoking, cessation aids used by English speakers and Spanish speakers were compared. To determine whether online interventions reduce disparities, abstinence rates were also compared. Finally, the reach of the intervention was illustrated for three large Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas-Argentina, Mexico, and Peru-and the United States of America.
Few participants had utilized other methods to stop smoking before coming to the Internet site; most reported using no previous smoking cessation aids: 69.2% of Spanish speakers versus 51.8% of English speakers (P < 0.01). The most used method was nicotine gum, 13.9%. Nicotine dependence levels were similar to those reported for in-person smoking cessation trials. Overall observed quit rate for English speakers was 38.1% and for Spanish speakers, 37.0%; quit rates in which participants with missing data were considered to be smoking were 11.1% and 10.6%, respectively. Neither comparison was significantly different.
The systematic use of evidence-based Internet interventions for health problems could have a broad impact throughout the Americas, at little or no cost to individuals or to ministries of health.
描述一项为期10年的概念验证戒烟研究项目，评估在线健康干预在整个美洲地区的覆盖范围。
招募工作于2002年至2011年进行，主要使用谷歌AdWords。来自美洲的600多万吸烟者输入了与戒烟相关的关键词；57882名吸烟者（15912名说英语者和41970名说西班牙语者）被招募到在线自助自动干预研究中。为了研究戒烟方法使用方面的差异，对说英语者和说西班牙语者使用的戒烟辅助工具进行了比较。为了确定在线干预是否能减少差异，还比较了戒烟率。最后，展示了该干预措施在美洲三个说西班牙语的大国——阿根廷、墨西哥和秘鲁以及美利坚合众国的覆盖范围。
很少有参与者在访问该网站之前使用过其他戒烟方法；大多数人报告称之前未使用过任何戒烟辅助工具：说西班牙语者为69.2%，说英语者为51.8%（P<0.01）。最常用的方法是尼古丁口香糖，占13.9%。尼古丁依赖水平与面对面戒烟试验报告的水平相似。说英语者的总体观察戒烟率为38.1%，说西班牙语者为37.0%；将缺失数据的参与者视为仍在吸烟时的戒烟率分别为11.1%和10.6%。两者比较均无显著差异。
针对健康问题系统地使用基于证据的互联网干预措施可能会在整个美洲产生广泛影响，对个人或卫生部几乎没有成本或成本很低。
