Hallberg L R, Barrenäs M L
Department of Psychology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Br J Audiol. 1995 Aug;29(4):219-30. doi: 10.3109/03005369509086600.
The primary aim of this study was to describe coping with noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) from the perspective of middle-aged men. An additional aim was to gain a deeper insight in their experiences of suffering from NIHL. Taped interviews were conducted with 53 consecutive patients. The interviews focused on the subjects' own descriptions of demanding auditory situations and what they did, thought and felt in these situations. The verbatim transcribed interview protocols were analysed by a method influenced by the tradition of grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). The first important finding was that the coping model, consisting of controlling and avoiding strategies, described by Hallberg and Carlsson (1991), was validated by the present data. Second, it was shown that avoiding strategies dominated among men with NIHL, although situational circumstances, interactional conditions, social closeness and degrees of priority, awareness and acceptance sometimes changed the behaviour towards the more controlling strategies. Identification of these five factors should be regarded as an extension of the original model of coping, a third important contribution of this study. The driving force for coping was the hearing impaired person's striving to avoid definition as a deviant in social interactions in order to maintain a positive (normal) self-image. Health professionals are requested to encourage men with NIHL to recognize, confirm and actively seek solutions to problems caused by their hearing loss rather than to reinforce their denial of hearing difficulties.
本研究的主要目的是从中年男性的角度描述应对噪声性听力损失（NIHL）的情况。另一个目的是更深入地了解他们患NIHL的经历。对53名连续就诊的患者进行了录音访谈。访谈聚焦于受试者对苛刻听觉情境的自身描述，以及他们在这些情境中的行为、想法和感受。逐字转录的访谈记录采用了受扎根理论传统（格拉泽和施特劳斯，1967年）影响的方法进行分析。第一个重要发现是，哈尔贝格和卡尔森（1991年）描述的由控制和回避策略组成的应对模型得到了本研究数据的验证。其次，研究表明，在患有NIHL的男性中，回避策略占主导地位，尽管情境情况、互动条件、社会亲密度以及优先级、意识和接受程度有时会使行为转向更多的控制策略。识别这五个因素应被视为对应对原始模型的扩展，这是本研究的第三个重要贡献。应对的驱动力是听力受损者努力避免在社交互动中被定义为异类，以维持积极（正常）的自我形象。要求健康专业人员鼓励患有NIHL的男性认识、确认并积极寻求解决因听力损失而产生的问题的方法，而不是强化他们对听力困难的否认。
