Martischnig K M, Newell D J, Barnsley W C, Cowan W K, Feinmann E L, Oliver E
Br Med J. 1977 Mar 19;1(6063):746-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6063.746.
Two hundred and fifty men admitted to a thoracic surgical centre and matched controls were questioned in detail about their occupations after leaving school and their smoking habits. Of 201 men with confirmed bronchial carcinoma 58 gave a history of occupational exposure to asbestos, whereas only 29 out of 201 men matched for age and residential area who were admitted with other diseases gave such a history. This difference was statistically highly significant. The usual association of bronchial carcinoma with heavy smoking was observed, but asbestos exposure increased the risk of carcinoma whatever the level of smoking. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that asbestos exposure and the level of smoking act independently in causing bronchial carcinoma. The patients with carcinoma who had been exposed to asbestos presented on average three years earlier than those who had not been exposed. Asbestos regulations have eliminated the risk of exposure to workers in scheduled industries, so asbestos-induced diseases will probably be increasingly found among the many workers who have had incidental exposure to asbestos. It is therefore important to take a full occupational history.
对收治于胸外科中心的250名男性患者及其匹配的对照组人员详细询问了他们毕业后的职业及吸烟习惯。在201名确诊为支气管癌的男性中,58人有职业性接触石棉的病史,而在因其他疾病入院、年龄和居住地区匹配的201名男性中,只有29人有此类病史。这种差异在统计学上具有高度显著性。观察到支气管癌通常与大量吸烟有关,但无论吸烟程度如何,接触石棉都会增加患癌风险。这些结果与以下假设一致:接触石棉和吸烟程度在导致支气管癌方面独立起作用。接触过石棉的癌症患者比未接触过的患者平均早三年发病。石棉法规已消除了特定行业工人接触石棉的风险,因此,在许多偶然接触过石棉的工人中,可能会越来越多地发现石棉诱发的疾病。因此,全面了解职业病史很重要。