Neal D M, Phillips B D
Institute of Emergency Administration and Planning, University of North Texas, Denton 76203, USA.
Disasters. 1995 Dec;19(4):327-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00353.x.
The command and control approach is compared with the Emergent Human Resources Model (EHRM) approach to emergency management. Four decades of systematic research shows that a rigid, bureaucratic command and control approach to emergency management generally leads to an ineffective emergency response. Previous studies and our own research suggest that flexible, malleable, loosely coupled, organizational configurations can create a more effective disaster response.
将指挥与控制方法与应急管理的涌现式人力资源模型（EHRM）方法进行了比较。四十年的系统研究表明，应急管理中僵化、官僚的指挥与控制方法通常会导致应急响应无效。先前的研究以及我们自己的研究表明，灵活、可塑、松散耦合的组织架构能够创造出更有效的灾害应对方式。
