Batel P
Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Sep;39 Suppl 1:S15-21. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(95)01169-y.
Despite a recent decline in per capita alcohol consumption, alcoholism remains a serious public health problem in France. Pharmacotherapy is used to make withdrawal from alcohol easier and to help maintain abstinence. The recent development of effective pharmacologic treatments for alcoholism has increased interest in this approach to therapy. To determine the most appropriate form of pharmacotherapy for treating alcohol dependence, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies published between 1960 and 1993 was performed. We found that several pharmacotherapeutic agents had demonstrated safety and efficacy on different periods of follow-up, including acamprosate (long term), naltrexone (intermediate term), fluoxetine and citalopram (short term). Studies of zimeldine, nialamide, L-dopa, viloxazine, and tetrabamate failed to demonstrate efficacy for these agents in the treatment of alcoholism. Results were ambiguous or mixed for lithium, phenytoin, bromocriptine, apomorphine, and buspirone. Continued research is needed to identify the most appropriate patients to receive treatment with specific forms of pharmacotherapy.
尽管最近法国人均酒精消费量有所下降，但酗酒在法国仍是一个严重的公共卫生问题。药物疗法用于使戒酒更容易，并帮助维持戒酒状态。最近针对酗酒的有效药物治疗方法的发展增加了人们对这种治疗方法的兴趣。为了确定治疗酒精依赖最合适的药物治疗形式，对1960年至1993年间发表的随机对照研究进行了荟萃分析。我们发现，几种药物治疗剂在不同的随访期都显示出安全性和有效性，包括阿坎酸（长期）、纳曲酮（中期）、氟西汀和西酞普兰（短期）。齐美利定、尼亚酰胺、左旋多巴、维洛沙嗪和四甲铵的研究未能证明这些药物在治疗酗酒方面的有效性。锂盐、苯妥英、溴隐亭、阿扑吗啡和丁螺环酮的结果不明确或好坏参半。需要继续进行研究，以确定接受特定形式药物治疗的最合适患者。
