Steele A, Melby V
Robinson Hospital, Ballymoney, Northern Ireland.
J Adv Nurs. 1995 Nov;22(5):879-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1995.tb02638.x.
The literature reports an ongoing debate amongst nurses regarding the risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through routine nursing care. An emotionally charged dilemma appears to exist for many nurses regarding what they perceive as conflict between professional obligation and personal risk. This study investigates nurses' beliefs, knowledge and perceptions of risk of contracting HIV while implementing their nursing care. The study focuses on qualified nurses in the hospice, hospital and community settings. No other similar comparative study that also focuses on hospice nurses has been identified. This quantitative study was implemented within Northern Ireland, by way of a respondent-administered questionnaire. The study's sample consisted of 45 qualified nurses and a response rate of 93% (42 respondents) was achieved. Analysis of the data involved the use of descriptive and correlational statistics. Overall findings indicated that many nurses, but particularly those who work in the hospital and community settings, hold negative and biased beliefs, and have inadequate knowledge and misguided perceptions regarding their risk of contracting HIV through the implementation of routine nursing care of clients. Many of those nurses readily admit their lack of knowledge. On the whole, hospice nurses appear more knowledgeable and exhibit a more positive approach to AIDS clients, and appear less fearful than do nurses in the other two settings. Implications for hospital management, for nurse education, for nurses themselves and for clients are discussed. This study should be seen as a springboard for future research within Northern Ireland.
文献报道，护士群体中对于在常规护理工作中感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险存在持续的争论。对于许多护士而言，在他们所认为的职业责任与个人风险之间的冲突方面，似乎存在一个情绪激动的两难困境。本研究调查护士在实施护理工作时对感染HIV风险的信念、知识和认知。该研究聚焦于临终关怀机构、医院和社区环境中的注册护士。尚未发现其他同样聚焦于临终关怀护士的类似比较研究。这项定量研究在北爱尔兰通过自填式问卷进行。该研究的样本包括45名注册护士，回复率为93%（42名受访者）。数据分析采用描述性统计和相关性统计。总体研究结果表明，许多护士，尤其是那些在医院和社区工作的护士，持有负面和有偏见的信念，并且对于通过对患者实施常规护理而感染HIV的风险，他们的知识不足且认知存在偏差。其中许多护士欣然承认自己知识匮乏。总体而言，临终关怀护士似乎知识更丰富，对艾滋病患者表现出更积极的态度，并且比其他两种环境中的护士表现出更少的恐惧。文中讨论了对医院管理、护士教育、护士自身以及患者的启示。本研究应被视为北爱尔兰未来研究的一个跳板。
