Mares-Perlman J A, Subar A F, Block G, Greger J L, Luby M H
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53705-2397, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1995 Aug;14(4):349-57. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1995.10718520.
To determine levels of intake and food sources of zinc in 1976-80 in US adults between the ages of 19 and 74.
Dietary data from 24-hour recalls collected in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Levels of zinc intake were compared between demographic subgroups using analysis of variance. The contribution of individual foods to overall zinc consumed was also estimated.
Mean daily intakes (+/- SEM) were 15.5 mg +/- 0.4 and 9.8 mg +/- 0.2 in white men and women, respectively. Mean daily intake estimates in black men and women (12.3 mg +/- 0.8 and 7.8 mg +/- 0.3, respectively) were significantly lower. Lower intakes were observed in women versus men, in older (65 to 74 years) versus younger (19 to 34 years) age groups, and among people with lower versus higher education and income levels. Lower zinc intakes in women and older persons could be mainly attributed to lower overall energy intake compared with gender and age counterparts. However, lower intakes in blacks and persons with lower education or income levels were not explained by differences in energy intake and may be attributed to differences in food selections. Meat and milk products contributed the majority of zinc in recalled diets, accounting for 56 and 60% of total zinc intake in blacks and whites, respectively.
Levels and sources of zinc intake in 1976-80 were higher than in more recent national surveys, suggesting that zinc intakes may be declining. Population groups more likely to have lower intakes were women, older adults, blacks, and those with lower levels of education and higher poverty levels.
确定1976年至1980年间美国19至74岁成年人锌的摄入量水平及食物来源。
对第二次全国健康与营养检查调查收集的24小时回忆膳食数据进行分析。使用方差分析比较不同人口亚组的锌摄入量水平。还估计了各类食物对总锌摄入量的贡献。
白人男性和女性的平均每日摄入量（±标准误）分别为15.5毫克±0.4和9.8毫克±0.2。黑人男性和女性的平均每日摄入量估计值（分别为12.3毫克±0.8和7.8毫克±0.3）显著较低。女性的摄入量低于男性，年龄较大（65至74岁）的人群低于年龄较小（19至34岁）的人群，教育和收入水平较低的人群低于较高的人群。女性和老年人锌摄入量较低主要可归因于与相应性别和年龄组相比总体能量摄入量较低。然而，黑人以及教育或收入水平较低者的摄入量较低并非由能量摄入差异所解释，可能归因于食物选择的差异。在回忆的饮食中，肉类和奶制品贡献了大部分锌，分别占黑人和白人总锌摄入量的56%和60%。
1976年至1980年锌的摄入量水平和来源高于近期的全国性调查，表明锌摄入量可能在下降。摄入量更有可能较低的人群包括女性、老年人、黑人以及教育水平较低和贫困程度较高的人群。
