Bendich A, Mallick R, Leader S
Roche Vitamins, Paramus, New Jersey, USA.
West J Med. 1997 May;166(5):306-12.
This study used published relative risk estimates for birth defects, premature birth, and coronary heart disease associated with vitamin intake to project potential annual cost reductions in U.S. hospitalization charges. Epidemiological and intervention studies with relative risk estimates were identified via MEDLINE. Preventable fraction estimates were derived from data on the percentage of at-risk Americans with daily vitamin intake levels lower than those associated with disease risk reduction. Hospitalization rates were obtained from the 1992 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Charge data from the 1993 California Hospital Discharge Survey were adjusted to 1995 national charges using the medical component of the Consumer Price Index. Based on published risk reductions, annual hospital charges for birth defects, low-birth-weight premature births, and coronary heart disease could be reduced by about 40, 60, and 38%, respectively. For the conditions studied, nearly $20 billion in hospital charges were potentially avoidable with daily use of folic acid and zinc-containing multivitamins by all women of childbearing age and daily vitamin E supplementation by those over 50.
本研究使用已发表的与维生素摄入相关的出生缺陷、早产和冠心病的相对风险估计值，来预测美国住院费用可能每年减少的金额。通过医学期刊数据库（MEDLINE）检索了具有相对风险估计值的流行病学和干预研究。可预防比例估计值来自于每日维生素摄入量低于与降低疾病风险相关水平的高危美国人的百分比数据。住院率取自1992年全国医院出院调查。1993年加利福尼亚医院出院调查的费用数据使用消费者价格指数的医疗组成部分调整为1995年的全国费用。根据已发表的风险降低数据，出生缺陷、低体重早产和冠心病的年度住院费用分别可降低约40%、60%和38%。对于所研究的病症，所有育龄妇女每日服用含叶酸和锌的多种维生素以及50岁以上人群每日补充维生素E，将近200亿美元的住院费用有可能避免。
