Bariffi F, Sanduzzi A, Ponticiello A
Institute of Thoracic Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
J Chemother. 1995 Aug;7(4):263-76. doi: 10.1179/joc.1995.7.4.263.
The aim of this review is to focus on the epidemiology of lower respiratory tract infections, the etiology, prognosis and risk factors, dividing these problems into the following issues: global impact of these afflictions, community-acquired pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia, respiratory infections in surgery, acute bronchitis and exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Every year about 5 million people die of acute respiratory infections. Among these, pneumonia represents the most frequent cause of mortality, hospitalization and medical consultation. Several factors (age, underlying disease, environment) influence mortality, morbidity and also microbial etiology. The authors also refer to recent data on the most frequently identified antibiotic resistance of respiratory pathogens. The knowledge of such different clinico-epidemiological situations is essential to physicians for an effective approach to treatment of pneumonia and bronchitis.
本综述的目的是聚焦于下呼吸道感染的流行病学、病因、预后及危险因素，将这些问题分为以下几个方面：这些疾病的全球影响、社区获得性肺炎、医院获得性肺炎、手术中的呼吸道感染、急性支气管炎及慢性支气管炎急性加重。每年约有500万人死于急性呼吸道感染。其中，肺炎是导致死亡、住院及就医的最常见原因。若干因素（年龄、基础疾病、环境）影响死亡率、发病率以及微生物病因。作者还提及了关于呼吸道病原体最常见的抗生素耐药性的最新数据。了解这些不同的临床流行病学情况对于医生有效治疗肺炎和支气管炎至关重要。
