Effects of vasopressin V1 and V2 receptor antagonists on the development of salt-induced hypertension in Dahl rats.

To determine whether the vasopressor and antidiuretic actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) may participate in the development of salt-induced hypertension, we examined the long-term effects of AVP V1 and V2 receptor antagonists on blood pressure (BP) in Dahl-Iwai salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) rats. From age 7 weeks, DS and DR rats were fed a diet containing 8% NaCl, alone (control group); 8% NaCl and 1% OPC-21268 (V1 antagonist-treated group); or 8% NaCl and 0.05% OPC-31260 (V2 antagonist-treated group). The pressor response to AVP was significantly inhibited in DS rats treated with OPC-21268. Urinary volume and water intake were significantly increased by administration of OPC-31260; this increase was greater in DR rats than in DS rats. Indirect BP measurements obtained using tailcuff plethysmography showed that DS but not DR rats developed hypertension when fed high-salt diets. However, chronic treatment with either OPC-21268 or OPC-31260 did not alter the course of hypertension in DS rats, despite the effective blocking actions of these antagonists. This finding also was confirmed by direct BP measurements. Our results indicate that even if AVP plays a role in salt-induced hypertension peripheral blockade of either subtype of AVP receptors does not prevent the development of hypertension in DS rats.