Sikkema K J, Koob J J, Cargill V C, Kelly J A, Desiderato L L, Roffman R A, Norman A D, Shabazz M, Copeland C, Winett R A
Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
Public Health Rep. 1995 Nov-Dec;110(6):707-13.
The prevalence of increases in human immunodeficiency virus infection and illness rates among urban disadvantaged women underscore the urgent need for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention interventions for high-risk women. Few studies, however, have examined the factors contributing to risk in this population or predictors of risk taking and risk reduction. A total of 148 women, most of them of racial minorities, living in low-income public housing developments completed measures designed to assess risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection and to analyze factors related to risk taking, including knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, behavior change self-efficacy, intention to use condoms, and social norm perception about safer sex practices. History of sexually transmitted diseases, low rates of condom use, and relationships with men who were injection drug users or who were not sexually exclusive were commonly reported. Women were divided into high- or low-risk categories based on behavior during the two preceding months. Women at low risk believed more strongly in personal efficacy of behavior change, were more committed to using condoms, and perceived risk reduction steps as more socially normative than high-risk women. Culturally tailored human immunodeficiency virus prevention interventions that address these dimensions are needed.
城市弱势女性群体中人类免疫缺陷病毒感染率和发病率不断上升，这凸显了针对高危女性开展获得性免疫缺陷综合征预防干预措施的迫切需求。然而，很少有研究探讨导致该人群感染风险的因素，或冒险行为及降低风险行为的预测因素。共有148名居住在低收入公共住房社区的女性（其中大多数为少数族裔）完成了旨在评估人类免疫缺陷病毒感染风险以及分析与冒险行为相关因素的测评，这些因素包括对获得性免疫缺陷综合征的了解、行为改变自我效能感、使用避孕套的意愿以及对安全性行为的社会规范认知。她们普遍报告有性传播疾病史、避孕套使用率低，以及与注射吸毒者或非专一性伴侣的男性有关系。根据前两个月的行为，将这些女性分为高风险或低风险类别。低风险女性比高风险女性更坚信行为改变的个人效能，更致力于使用避孕套，并且认为降低风险的措施在社会上更具规范性。需要开展针对这些方面的、符合文化特点的人类免疫缺陷病毒预防干预措施。
