Fisher A, Fonteyn M
University of San Francisco, USA.
Sch Inq Nurs Pract. 1995 Fall;9(3):263-76; discussion 277-9.
What heuristics (reasoning strategies) do experienced critical care nurses use to assist in reasoning and making decisions about patient care? In this study, think aloud data were collected and protocol analysis was utilized to identify and describe the heuristics that permitted nurses to evaluate patient data, assess patient status, and make decisions necessary to maintain patient stability. Five heuristics were identified: pattern recognition, attending, anchoring, focused questioning, and listing. Clearer understanding of nurses' heuristic use could improve reasoning in practice, and could also provide educators with strategies to enhance the reasoning of their students.
经验丰富的重症监护护士会运用哪些启发法（推理策略）来辅助对患者护理进行推理和决策？在本研究中，收集了出声思考数据，并采用协议分析来识别和描述那些使护士能够评估患者数据、评估患者状况并做出维持患者稳定所需决策的启发法。共识别出五种启发法：模式识别、关注、锚定、聚焦式提问和罗列。更清晰地了解护士对启发法的运用可以改善实际中的推理，还能为教育工作者提供增强学生推理能力的策略。
