van Driel R, Wansink D G, van Steensel B, Grande M A, Schul W, de Jong L
E. C. Slater Instituut, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Int Rev Cytol. 1995;162A:151-89. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61231-0.
This overview describes the spatial distribution of several enzymatic machineries and functions in the interphase nucleus. Three general observations can be made. First, many components of the different nuclear machineries are distributed in the nucleus in a characteristic way for each component. They are often found concentrated in specific domains. Second, nuclear machineries for the synthesis and processing of RNA and DNA are associated with an insoluble nuclear structure, called nuclear matrix. Evidently, handling of DNA and RNA is done by immobilized enzyme systems. Finally, the nucleus seems to be divided in two major compartments. One is occupied by compact chromosomes, the other compartment is the space between the chromosomes. In the latter, transcription takes place at the surface of chromosomal domains and it houses the splicing machinery. The relevance of nuclear organization for efficient gene expression is discussed.
本综述描述了间期细胞核中几种酶系及其功能的空间分布。可以得出三个一般性的观察结果。首先，不同核酶系的许多成分在细胞核中以各自独特的方式分布。它们常常集中在特定区域。其次，用于RNA和DNA合成与加工的核酶系与一种不溶性核结构相关联，称为核基质。显然，DNA和RNA的处理是由固定化酶系统完成的。最后，细胞核似乎被分为两个主要区域。一个区域被致密的染色体占据，另一个区域是染色体之间的空间。在后者中，转录发生在染色体区域的表面，并且这里容纳了剪接机制。文中还讨论了核组织对于高效基因表达的相关性。
