Klein K E, Wegmann H M, Kuklinski P
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1977 Mar;48(3):215-22.
While intensive physical exercise has been part of the conditioning of astronauts and consmonauts for spaceflights, its benefits have been questioned. After reviewing the pertinent literature, it is concluded that the morphological and functional changes obtained with athletic endurance training are rather specific and of no general advantage for the tolerance to space stresses. Particularly during gravitational loads, in the relaxed subject, these changes allow a more pronounced shift of fluid into the lower extremities, with the possible consequence of a reduced tolerance. This unfavourable response, obviously, is accentuated through immersion and weightlessness. The aerobic work capacity is also more impaired in athletes. Based on these conclusions, recommendations for crews and passengers of future Spacelab missions are given with respect to selection and pre-and in-flight physical exercise.
尽管高强度体育锻炼一直是宇航员太空飞行训练的一部分，但其益处受到了质疑。在查阅相关文献后得出结论，通过耐力训练获得的形态和功能变化相当具有特异性，对耐受太空压力并无普遍优势。特别是在重力负荷期间，在放松状态下，这些变化会使更多液体明显转移到下肢，可能导致耐受性降低。显然，这种不利反应在浸入状态和失重状态下会加剧。运动员的有氧工作能力也会受到更大损害。基于这些结论，针对未来太空实验室任务的机组人员和乘客，在选拔以及飞行前和飞行中的体育锻炼方面给出了建议。
