Schwartz R S, Hirth V A
Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98104-2499, USA.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995 Oct;19 Suppl 4:S52-7.
There now exists substantial clinical data supporting a blood pressure lowering effect of endurance training. Though the effect is modest (5-10 mmHg), epidemiologic studies indicate the possibility of protection against the development of hypertension and also indicate significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality and increased longevity associated with chronic endurance exercise. The data for blood pressure lowering effects of resistive training are much less compelling, and this area requires additional investigation. However, it appears that resistance training is not associated with chronic elevations in blood pressure. Future studies need to focus on: 1) the relative efficacy of low-, moderate- and high-intensity training on lowering blood pressure; 2) the effect of training on ambulatory blood pressure; 3) targeting of at risk and high responding populations; and 4) the importance of insulinemia, SNS tone and central adiposity in the mechanism of any blood pressure lowering effect of training.
目前已有大量临床数据支持耐力训练具有降低血压的作用。尽管这种效果较为适度（降低5 - 10毫米汞柱），但流行病学研究表明，耐力训练有可能预防高血压的发生，还表明与慢性耐力运动相关的心血管死亡率显著降低且寿命延长。关于抗阻训练降低血压效果的数据说服力要小得多，这一领域需要进一步研究。然而，似乎抗阻训练与血压的慢性升高并无关联。未来的研究需要关注：1）低强度、中等强度和高强度训练在降低血压方面的相对疗效；2）训练对动态血压的影响；3）针对高危人群和高反应人群；4）胰岛素血症、交感神经系统张力和中心性肥胖在训练降低血压作用机制中的重要性。
