Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Exp Gerontol. 2013 Aug;48(8):727-33. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.04.008. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
This randomized study evaluated the impact of different exercise training modalities on blood pressure and body fat responses in apparently healthy older men. Forty-eight elderly men (aged 65-75 years) were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group (ATG, n=15), a combined aerobic and resistance training group (CTG, n=16), or a control group (n=17). Both exercise training programs were moderate-to-vigorous intensity, three days/week for 9-months. Strength, aerobic endurance, body fat and blood pressure were measured on five different occasions. The data were analyzed using a mixed-model ANOVA, and the independence between systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and group was tested. A significant main effect of group (p<0.001) was observed in strength and aerobic endurance, with higher performance observed in the CTG. A significant main effect of group (p<0.001) and time (p=0.029) was observed in body fat percentage, with a 2.3% decrease in CTG. A significant main effect of time was observed in SBP (p=0.005) and in DBP (p=0.011) for both ATG and CTG. Mean decreases in SBP and DBP, respectively, were 15 and 6 mmHg for ATG and 24 and 12 mmHg for CTG. There was a significant association for SBP (p=0.008) and DBP (p=0.005) in the CTG, with significant individual BP profile modifications. Both exercise-training programs reduce resting blood pressure. However, only the combined exercise training was effective at reducing body fat percentage; consequently, there were larger changes in blood pressure, which result in a significant reduction in hypertensive subjects.
这项随机研究评估了不同运动训练方式对血压和体脂反应的影响，对象为健康的老年男性。48 名老年男性（年龄 65-75 岁）被随机分为有氧运动组（ATG，n=15）、有氧和抗阻运动联合组（CTG，n=16）和对照组（n=17）。两组运动训练方案均为中等至剧烈强度，每周 3 天，持续 9 个月。分别在 5 个不同时间点测量力量、有氧耐力、体脂和血压。使用混合模型方差分析进行数据分析，并检验收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）与组之间的独立性。在力量和有氧耐力方面，组间存在显著的主要效应（p<0.001），CTG 组的表现更高。在体脂百分比方面，组间和时间间均存在显著的主要效应（p<0.001），CTG 组降低了 2.3%。ATG 和 CTG 的 SBP（p=0.005）和 DBP（p=0.011）均存在显著的时间主要效应。ATG 和 CTG 的 SBP 和 DBP 分别平均下降 15 和 6mmHg 和 24 和 12mmHg。CTG 的 SBP（p=0.008）和 DBP（p=0.005）存在显著相关性，个体血压谱发生了显著改变。两种运动训练方案均能降低静息血压。然而，只有联合运动训练能有效降低体脂百分比；因此，血压变化更大，导致高血压患者的血压显著降低。
