Stehling M K, Nitz W, Holzknecht N
Institut für Radiologische Diagnostik, Universität München.
Radiologe. 1995 Dec;35(12):879-93.
The aim of this article is the systematic treatment of fast and ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Based on the basic principles of signal generation and spatial encoding with magnetic field gradients the differences and important similarities of pulse sequences will be explained. We suggest to replace the conventional grouping of pulse sequences in gradient and spin-echo sequences through single and multi-echo sequences, since the latter is more precise and helpful. We illustrate how single-echo sequences such as "spin-echo", FLASH, FISP, PSIF, CISS and DESS can be derived from a single gradient echo and how multi-echo sequences such as turbo spin-echo RARE, HASTE and GRASE are based on echo-planar imaging. The different properties, advantages and disadvantages of the various sequences will be discussed and frequently used acronyms will be explained.
本文旨在对快速和超快磁共振成像（MRI）技术进行系统论述。基于利用磁场梯度产生信号和空间编码的基本原理，将解释脉冲序列的差异和重要相似之处。我们建议用单回波序列和多回波序列取代传统的将脉冲序列分为梯度回波序列和自旋回波序列的分类方式，因为后者更精确且更有帮助。我们将说明诸如“自旋回波”、快速低角度激发（FLASH）、稳态进动快速成像（FISP）、扰相梯度回波（PSIF）、建设性干扰稳态序列（CISS）和驱动平衡傅里叶变换回波采集模式（DESS）等单回波序列如何能从单个梯度回波推导得出，以及诸如快速自旋回波、快速采集弛豫增强（RARE）、半傅里叶采集单次激发快速成像（HASTE）和梯度回波自旋回波（GRASE）等多回波序列如何基于回波平面成像。将讨论各种序列的不同特性、优缺点，并解释常用的首字母缩略词。
