Treurniet N
Psyche (Stuttg). 1996 Jan;50(1):1-31.
The ethic of psychoanalytic technique which goes back to Freud and emphasizes the importance of anonymity, abstinence, neutrality and the central role of interpretation is subjected to a critical examination. The author traces the changes that have taken place since Freud and proposes a new ethic of psychoanalytic technique. Proceeding from the theory of object relations, Treurniet stresses the symmetrical relationship between analyst and analysand permitting both to assume a "meta-position" in order to reflect on the analysis material. The author further suggests that, beyond the projections of the analysand, the analyst should be open to his own subjectivity, as this openness is the key to the essential feature of analytic procedure, the enactment of countertransference. Finally, Treurniet reformulates his advocacy of a non-intrusive, affirmative attitude on the part of the analyst, a spontaneous willingness to "fall into the analysand's trap", an ability to oscillate between acting-out and introspection, to live out countertransference involuntarily and finally to incorporate the non-ideal into his conscience. These rules of technique must be controlled not only by the conscience and the countertransference of the analyst, but also--apart from intervision and consultation with collegues--by the analysand himself, whose opinion of the analytic situation the analyst should ask for.
可追溯至弗洛伊德并强调匿名、节制、中立以及阐释核心作用的精神分析技术伦理受到了批判性审视。作者追溯了自弗洛伊德以来所发生的变化，并提出了一种新的精神分析技术伦理。从客体关系理论出发，特鲁尔尼耶强调分析师与被分析者之间的对称关系，这种关系使双方都能占据一个“元位置”，以便对分析材料进行反思。作者进一步指出，除了被分析者的投射之外，分析师应该对自身的主观性持开放态度，因为这种开放性是分析过程本质特征即反移情的表现的关键。最后，特鲁尔尼耶重新阐述了他所倡导的分析师应持的非侵入性、肯定性态度，即自发愿意“落入被分析者的陷阱”，具备在付诸行动与内省之间摇摆的能力，不由自主地体验反移情并最终将不完美纳入自身良知。这些技术规则不仅必须受到分析师的良知和反移情的制约，而且——除了接受同行监督和咨询之外——还必须受到被分析者本人的制约，分析师应该征求被分析者对分析情境的看法。
