Zembayashi M, Nishimura K, Lunt D K, Smith S B
Livestock Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan.
J Anim Sci. 1995 Nov;73(11):3325-32. doi: 10.2527/1995.73113325x.
Effects of breed type and sex on the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous neutral lipid and intramuscular neutral and phospholipids of longissimus lumborum muscle were investigated using 145 steers and 82 heifers that consisted of pure Japanese Black and Holstein and crossbreds among Japanese Black, Holstein, Japanese Brown, and Charolais. Steers and heifers were reared on a high plane of nutrition and were fed the same concentrate diet and rice straw. All animals were slaughtered serially and carcass composition was determined by dissection of the left side of the carcass. Breed type and sex differences of fatty acid percentages of carcass lipids were compared by adjusting the percentages to mean carcass fat percentages. Heifers had higher contents of 18:1 and total monounsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous and intramuscular neutral lipids than steers (P < .05). The fatty acid composition of intramuscular phospholipids differed between sexes for 16:0, 20:1, and 20:5, but the differences were small. Breed differences were significant (P < .05) in steers for 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, and total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in both subcutaneous and intramuscular neutral lipids, and iso-16:0, 16:0, and total saturated fatty acids in phospholipids, respectively. However, in heifers, fewer fatty acids differed (P < .05) among breed types in the neutral lipids. It is suggested that the Japanese Black has a genetic predisposition for producing carcass lipids containing higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids than Holstein, Japanese Brown, or Charolais.
利用145头公牛和82头母牛研究了品种类型和性别对腰大肌皮下中性脂质以及肌内中性脂质和磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响，这些牛包括纯种日本黑牛和荷斯坦牛，以及日本黑牛、荷斯坦牛、日本褐牛和夏洛莱牛之间的杂交品种。公牛和母牛在高营养水平下饲养，饲喂相同的精料日粮和稻草。所有动物按顺序屠宰，通过解剖胴体左侧来测定胴体组成。通过将脂肪酸百分比调整为平均胴体脂肪百分比，比较了胴体脂质脂肪酸百分比的品种类型和性别差异。母牛皮下和肌内中性脂质中18:1和总单不饱和脂肪酸的含量高于公牛（P < 0.05）。肌内磷脂的脂肪酸组成在16:0、20:1和20:5方面存在性别差异，但差异较小。在公牛中，皮下和肌内中性脂质中的16:0、16:1、18:1以及总饱和和单不饱和脂肪酸，以及磷脂中的异16:0、16:0和总饱和脂肪酸的品种差异均显著（P < 0.05）。然而，在母牛中，中性脂质中不同品种类型之间差异显著（P < 0.05）的脂肪酸较少。研究表明，与荷斯坦牛、日本褐牛或夏洛莱牛相比，日本黑牛在产生含有较高浓度单不饱和脂肪酸的胴体脂质方面具有遗传倾向。
