IS-FOOD Institute, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y Biociencias, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 30;21(9):3183. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093183.
Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the -3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of -3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.
健康机构的饮食建议一直强调减少饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的摄入，并以多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）替代，特别是ω-3。因此，人们一直在努力增强食物的脂肪酸谱，帮助它们满足人类的营养建议。反刍动物肉是共轭亚油酸（CLA）的主要膳食来源，但它也含有相对较高比例的 SFA，源自 PUFA 在瘤胃中的生物氢化。此外，反刍动物的脂质代谢可能与其他物种不同。最近的研究旨在改变肉类和其他动物产品的脂肪酸谱。本综述总结了基于 3-PUFA 补充反刍动物日粮的饮食策略及其对肉脂肪酸组成的影响。此外，还讨论了 3-PUFA 在脂肪组织（AT）发育以及在涉及脂肪生成和脂质代谢的关键基因表达中的作用。亚麻籽补充剂可增加α-亚麻酸（ALA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA），但不会增加二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），而鱼油和藻类则增加 DHA 含量。饮食中的 PUFA 可以改变 AT 的肥胖程度并调节脂质代谢基因的表达，但需要进一步的研究来阐明潜在的机制。
