Steinberg A
Center for Medical Ethics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
J Assist Reprod Genet. 1995 Sep;12(8):473-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02212908.
Modern bioethics is based on a pluralistic and multidisciplinary approach, deriving its sources from medicine, biology, philosophy, law, theology, social and behavioral sciences, and history. The moral foundation of modern biomedical ethics is based upon four prima facie principles: respect of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice. This approach, however, has been seriously criticized and challenged. A wide range of issues is discussed and debated in biomedical ethics. Several causes have intensified the recent flourishing of medical ethics: The enormous advancements in scientific and technological knowledge; the intense and widespread interest in bioethics by professionals as well as by the public at large; and the wide sociocultural and economic changes in western society, and in the conduct of medicine. The objectives of clinical medical ethics is outlined in the article.
现代生物伦理学基于多元和多学科的方法，其来源包括医学、生物学、哲学、法律、神学、社会与行为科学以及历史。现代生物医学伦理学的道德基础基于四项初步原则：尊重自主性、有益、不伤害、公正。然而，这种方法受到了严厉的批评和挑战。生物医学伦理学中讨论和辩论了广泛的问题。有几个原因加剧了医学伦理学最近的蓬勃发展：科学技术知识的巨大进步；专业人员以及广大公众对生物伦理学的强烈而广泛的兴趣；以及西方社会在社会文化和经济方面的广泛变化以及医学实践中的变化。本文概述了临床医学伦理学的目标。
